{"id":127814,"date":"2024-07-29T15:42:48","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T19:42:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=127814"},"modified":"2024-08-07T11:41:46","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T15:41:46","slug":"leo-kanner-autism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/leo-kanner-autism\/","title":{"rendered":"Leo Kanner&#8217;s Autism Research in America in the Early 1900s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Who was Leo Kanner? How influencial was his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/autism-research\/\">autism research<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the early 1900s, Leo Kanner was a psychiatrist and autism researcher. Although he was studying autism at the same time as Hans Asperger, he saw himself as the sole discoverer of autism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn about Leo Kanner&#8217;s autism research in the US.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-leo-kanner-the-leading-autism-research-in-america\"><strong>Leo Kanner: The Leading Autism Research in America<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time that Hans Asperger was studying autistic children in Vienna and drafting his thesis, child psychiatrist Leo Kanner&#8217;s autism research was becoming well-known in America. Steve Silberman explains that Kanner was one of the most prominent psychiatrists in America, and his work on autism became the defining research for many years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though Kanner worked with some of Asperger\u2019s colleagues (those who came to America to flee the Nazis), <strong>Kanner\u2019s work never mentions Asperger\u2019s<\/strong>. Silberman suggests that Kanner refrained from acknowledging Asperger\u2019s research\u2014as well as the research of others who\u2019d studied autism under different names, like childhood schizophrenia\u2014because he saw himself as the lone discoverer of autism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: While Kanner never mentioned Asperger\u2019s work, <a href=\"https:\/\/the-art-of-autism.com\/the-two-great-pioneers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Asperger did mention Kanner on multiple occasions<\/a>. However, despite the overlap in their research, the two men never met. Some historians speculate that this was because Kanner was embarrassed for copying some of Asperger\u2019s work, or jealous that Asperger discovered the syndrome first. Others contend that they didn\u2019t meet because both men genuinely believed they were studying entirely different conditions. Still others have argued that Kanner didn\u2019t \u201csteal\u201d anything from Asperger. They instead suggest that <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-020-01622-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the similarities in their work were due to the influence of Asperger\u2019s colleagues<\/a> who later worked with Kanner.)\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Differences Between Asperger\u2019s and Kanner\u2019s Approaches<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Silberman, Kanner approached autism research differently than Asperger did, which led to discrepancies in their findings and\u2014Silberman suggests\u2014inaccuracies in Kanner\u2019s. Silberman describes four main differences between Kanner\u2019s and Asperger\u2019s research: the age of the subjects, the range of their traits, the rarity and severity of their traits, and the belief in what causes autism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Difference #1: Age of Subjects<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>While Asperger studied both children and adults, <strong>Kanner limited his study to very young children<\/strong>. Because of this, diagnostic criteria were limited to early childhood behaviors, meaning that teens and adults who weren\u2019t diagnosed in childhood often went undiagnosed for the rest of their lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Difference #2: Range of Traits<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Silberman, <strong>Kanner also ignored the individual differences between his patients and described autism according to very restrictive criteria.<\/strong> He viewed autism as a monolithic disorder with few or no variations\u2014as opposed to the spectrum Asperger identified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Difference #3: Rarity and Severity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally,<strong> Kanner defined autism as being extremely rare and very severe<\/strong>, explains Silberman. This clashed with Asperger\u2019s understanding of autism as relatively common and presenting on a spectrum. While Asperger intentionally worked with children of all different levels, Kanner placed himself at the top of the autism assessment and treatment hierarchy, guaranteeing that he would only see the most severe cases.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Difference #4: Cause<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, Silberman explains that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/kanner-and-asperger\/\">Asperger and Kanner<\/a> differed in their beliefs on what caused autism: While Asperger felt confident that it was a genetic disorder passed on through families, <strong>Kanner instead promoted the idea that it was a condition caused by insufficiently affectionate parenting in a child\u2019s early years<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because Kanner\u2019s work was so well-known while Asperger\u2019s was virtually unheard of, <strong>the medical field came to view autism as a severely disabling, extremely rare disorder inflicted by bad parenting\u2014a misunderstanding that lasted for decades to come<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Who was Leo Kanner? How influencial was his autism research? In the early 1900s, Leo Kanner was a psychiatrist and autism researcher. Although he was studying autism at the same time as Hans Asperger, he saw himself as the sole discoverer of autism. Keep reading to learn about Leo Kanner&#8217;s autism research in the US.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":127892,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,33,9],"tags":[1560],"class_list":["post-127814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-people","category-psychology","tag-neurotribes","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Leo Kanner&#039;s Autism Research in America in the Early 1900s - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the early 1900s, Leo Kanner was an autism researcher in the United States. 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