{"id":124068,"date":"2024-03-21T11:43:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T15:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=124068"},"modified":"2024-03-25T13:45:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T17:45:01","slug":"four-types-of-information","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/four-types-of-information\/","title":{"rendered":"The Four Types of Information Your Brain Takes in Every Day"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What are the four types of information the brain consumes? What&#8217;s the difference between interpretations and inaccurate information?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo Gawdat says there are four main categories of information that the brain takes in: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/sensory-information-processing\/\">sensory information<\/a>, interpretations, recurring <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/thoughts-feelings-and-behaviors\/\">thoughts and emotions<\/a>, and inaccurate takes. Your brain reacts differently to every type, so you must consume the right kind of information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are details about the four types of information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-types-of-information-the-brain-consumes\">Types of Information the Brain Consumes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Gawdat explains that our brain takes in four types of information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Sensory information:<\/strong> This is information we observe with our five senses\u2014things we see, hear, smell, touch, or taste. For example, someone is shouting\u2014you know this because you heard it. <em>These inputs are objectively accurate and true<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: While common knowledge tells us we have five senses, scientists suggest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1964\/03\/15\/archives\/we-have-more-than-five-senses-most-people-take-the-faculties-of.html#:~:text=sight%2C%20smell%20and%20taste.,dioxide%20content%20of%20the%20blood.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">we may be oversimplifying things<\/a>. People can develop \u201cvestigial\u201d senses as well. For example, some blind people can determine their location by picking up on echoes rebounding off their surroundings\u2014a skill not innate to our ability to hear. Further, Russian and American scientists hypothesize that a rare sixth sense called \u201cfingertip sight\u201d may exist after discovering a few cases where people were able to accurately identify colors by touch.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Interpretations: <\/strong>This information encompasses things we <em>believe<\/em> to be true based on our experiences and underlying beliefs. For example, there\u2019s a fight happening\u2014you know this because you hear shouting, and when there\u2019s shouting, there\u2019s a fight. However, <em>these inputs are not objectively true and can be inaccurate<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-happiness-trap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Happiness Trap<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>Russ Harris explains that when we confuse our interpretations for reality\u2014for example, equating shouting with there being a fight\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-happiness-trap\/1-page-summary#principle-2-defusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">we enter a state called \u201cfusion.\u201d<\/a> Being in a state of fusion can lead to suffering because we immediately believe our thoughts and judgments, which are often negative, to be true. To get out of this state, we need to undergo a process called \u201cdefusion.\u201d We\u2019ll talk more about defusion in later commentary.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Recurring thoughts and emotions: <\/strong>These thoughts and emotions crop up in your mind frequently and without any <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/external-trigger-vs-internal-trigger\/\">external trigger<\/a>. For example, you\u2019re driving to work and all of a sudden you start thinking that no one likes you, and you start feeling resentful. Our recurring thoughts tend to trigger our recurring emotions. These inputs are often untrue and inaccurate because they stem from interpretations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Recurring thoughts and emotions happen to everyone occasionally, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-when-unwanted-thoughts-or-repetitive-behaviors-take-over#:~:text=Not%20all%20repeated%20thoughts%20are,on%20their%20obsessions%20or%20compulsions.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">intense and frequent experiences may indicate Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)<\/a>. People with OCD experience recurring thoughts, emotions, mental images, and urges to act\u2014for example, wanting things in a certain order or constantly needing to check whether the door\u2019s locked. If you experience these symptoms and can\u2019t control them, spend more than an hour a day on them, feel temporary anxiety relief when you perform them, or experience significant problems in daily life because of them, psychologists recommend seeking professional help.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Inaccurate takes: <\/strong>These are external sources of information and influence that, bit by bit, cause us to form an inaccurate concept of reality. For example, listening to your parents&#8217; beliefs while you were growing up shapes your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/perceiving-reality\/\">perception of reality<\/a>. Or seeing models with perfect skin all over Instagram makes you think that having a pimple makes you flawed. These inputs are often untrue and inaccurate as they stem from curated or incomplete ideas of what things \u201cshould\u201d be.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-7-habits-of-highly-effective-people\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>Stephen R. Covey agrees that many of the beliefs that form our concept of reality are influenced by external factors\u2014these patterns of thinking are called paradigms. He explains that the solution to overcoming paradigms that often cause us harm is to <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-7-habits-of-highly-effective-people\/part-1-introduction-to-the-habits#step-2-center-your-perspectives-in-principle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">replace them with perspectives that are based on <em>your principles<\/em><\/a>\u2014for example, fairness, integrity, honesty, growth, and patience.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gawdat explains that <strong><em>sensory information<\/em><\/strong><strong> is the only type of information we can rely on to produce happiness<\/strong>. This is because it\u2019s the only type of information that\u2019s objectively true and accurate, and therefore, the only type of information that our brains can rationally understand and effectively act on. On the other hand, <em>interpretations<\/em>, <em>recurring thoughts and emotions<\/em>, and <em>inaccurate takes<\/em> are <em>not <\/em>objective truths and are often skewed negatively. Therefore, they tend to produce inaccurate understandings of reality that cause unhappiness. We\u2019ll specify how inaccurate thoughts cause unhappiness in the sections below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: The argument Gawdat makes here has been a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/rationalism-vs-empiricism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hot topic of debate in philosophy for centuries<\/a>\u2014so much so that it\u2019s divided the discipline into two camps. The first camp, empiricists, would agree with Gawdat\u2019s claim that only sensory information can be accepted as truth. Many modern philosophers such as Ren\u00e9 Descartes and Baruch Spinoza fall into this camp. On the other hand, rationalists like Plato and Socrates believe that you must use reason and intellect\u2014your interpretations\u2014to gain true knowledge about the world.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are the four types of information the brain consumes? What&#8217;s the difference between interpretations and inaccurate information? Mo Gawdat says there are four main categories of information that the brain takes in: sensory information, interpretations, recurring thoughts and emotions, and inaccurate takes. Your brain reacts differently to every type, so you must consume the right kind of information. Here are details about the four types of information.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":124934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,160],"tags":[1419],"class_list":["post-124068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-science","tag-that-little-voice-in-your-head","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Four Types of Information Your Brain Takes in Every Day - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Information is all around you, but are you consuming the right kind? 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