{"id":124061,"date":"2024-03-22T13:25:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-22T17:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=124061"},"modified":"2024-03-25T13:45:03","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T17:45:03","slug":"what-is-the-misinformation-effect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-the-misinformation-effect\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is the Misinformation Effect? Mo Gawdat Explains"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is the misinformation effect? What happens when your brain takes in inaccurate information?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One grave error that can cause your brain to misfire is if you feed it inaccurate information. If you want your brain to produce happiness, you must ensure that you&#8217;re feeding it the proper information to produce that result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn more about how the misinformation effect works in the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-four-types-of-information\">The Four Types of Information<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>What is the misinformation effect? To understand what this effect is, you need to know what <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/four-types-of-information\/\">type of information<\/a> your brain consumes. Mo Gawdat explains that our brain takes in four main categories of information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/sensory-information-processing\/\">Sensory information<\/a>:<\/strong> This is information we observe with our five senses\u2014things we see, hear, smell, touch, or taste. For example, someone is shouting\u2014you know this because you heard it. <em>These inputs are objectively accurate and true<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Interpretations: <\/strong>This information encompasses things we <em>believe<\/em> to be true based on our experiences and underlying beliefs. For example, there\u2019s a fight happening\u2014you know this because you hear shouting, and when there\u2019s shouting, there\u2019s a fight. However, <em>these inputs are not objectively true and can be inaccurate<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Recurring <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/thoughts-feelings-and-behaviors\/\">thoughts and emotions<\/a>: <\/strong>These thoughts and emotions crop up in your mind frequently and without any <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/external-trigger-vs-internal-trigger\/\">external trigger<\/a>. For example, you\u2019re driving to work and all of a sudden you start thinking that no one likes you, and you start feeling resentful. Our recurring thoughts tend to trigger our recurring emotions. These inputs are often untrue and inaccurate because they stem from interpretations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Inaccurate takes: <\/strong>These are external sources of information and influence that, bit by bit, cause us to form an inaccurate concept of reality. For example, listening to your parents&#8217; beliefs while you were growing up shapes your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/perceiving-reality\/\">perception of reality<\/a>. Or seeing models with perfect skin all over Instagram makes you think that having a pimple makes you flawed. These inputs are often untrue and inaccurate as they stem from curated or incomplete ideas of what things \u201cshould\u201d be.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gawdat explains that <strong><em>sensory information<\/em> is the only type of information we can rely on to produce happiness<\/strong>. This is because it\u2019s the only type of information that\u2019s objectively true and accurate, and therefore, the only type of information that our brains can rationally understand and effectively act on. On the other hand, <em>interpretations<\/em>, <em>recurring thoughts and emotions<\/em>, and <em>inaccurate takes<\/em> are <em>not <\/em>objective truths and are often skewed negatively. Therefore, they tend to produce inaccurate understandings of reality that cause unhappiness. We\u2019ll specify how inaccurate thoughts cause unhappiness in the sections below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-inaccurate-information-skews-reality\">Inaccurate Information Skews Reality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Imagine you hear someone yelling (<em>sensory information) <\/em>but you feed this information to your brain as an <em>interpretation<\/em>\u2014\u201cpeople are fighting.\u201d Your brain will process this information and tell you there\u2019s a problem, which will produce anxiety and make you unhappy. Similarly, imagine you notice a pimple (<em>sensory information)<\/em> but you feed this information to your brain as an <em>inaccurate take<\/em>\u2014\u201cI have a flaw.\u201d Your brain will process this information and tell you that you\u2019re flawed, which will produce insecurity and make you unhappy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, neither of these scenarios needs to lead to negative emotions and unhappiness\u2014yelling doesn\u2019t equate to fighting, and having a pimple doesn\u2019t equate to being flawed. Therefore, <strong>it\u2019s not <\/strong><strong><em>reality<\/em><\/strong><strong> that makes you unhappy; it\u2019s the inaccurate information about reality that you feed your brain.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>The Human Desire for Certainty Leads to Unhappiness<\/strong><br><br>Recent research on how humans handle ambiguity supports and adds to Gawdat\u2019s claim. Scientists explain that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02504\/full#:~:text=We%20have%20briefly,at%20all%20costs.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">humans are prone to making assumptions<\/a> (or believing their interpretations) because of our evolutionary instinct to avoid ambiguity. When we make assumptions, we\u2019re <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/no-one-can-predict-the-future\/\">predicting the future<\/a>, which eliminates ambiguity and increases safety by allowing us to prepare for potentially dangerous situations.&nbsp;<br><br>However, our instinct to maintain safety by preparing for the worst means that when we make an assumption, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02504\/full#:~:text=If%20mental%20simulation,a%20positive%20reward.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">there\u2019s a much higher chance of it being negative than positive<\/a>. As a result, a study found that the more assumption-prone someone is, the lower their well-being, self-esteem, and motivation are (negative assumptions make us unhappy). This would corroborate Gawdat\u2019s claims that believing your assumptions makes you unhappy.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-relying-on-inaccurate-information-becomes-habit\">Relying on Inaccurate Information Becomes Habit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Further, Gawdat explains that <strong>the more you feed your brain inaccurate information, the easier it is to make the same mistake in the future<\/strong>. This is due to neuroplasticity\u2014every time you perform a task, think a thought, or feel an emotion, the neurons in your brain forge a path between the trigger and that action. The more you perform the action and send neurons down that path, the more prominent the path becomes, and the easier it is for the neurons to follow it in the future, even without being directed by a trigger. Eventually, that action becomes an ingrained habit. This is how <em>recurring thoughts and emotions<\/em> are formed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, you see a pimple (trigger) and think you\u2019re flawed (action). If you follow the \u201cpimple flaw\u201d to \u201cI\u2019m ugly\u201d pathway often enough, you\u2019ll eventually start to think \u201cI\u2019m ugly\u201d without any trigger.&nbsp;(Shortform note: Gawdat explains that negative thoughts and emotions become habit due to neuroplasticity; however, some experts suggest there may be an additional reason\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/addiction-recovery-why-we_b_603566#:~:text=They%20are%20seeking%20to%20experience,addiction%20to%20those%20negative%20emotions.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">we\u2019re actually <em>addicted<\/em> to them<\/a>. When we experience negative thoughts and emotions like self-pity or guilt, the beta-endorphin and dopamine pathways are <em>also<\/em> used, which activate the \u201cpleasure center\u201d of our brain\u2014the same area that lights up when people do drugs like cocaine, for example. This makes us want to continue thinking these thoughts to get the reward of endorphins and dopamine.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the misinformation effect? What happens when your brain takes in inaccurate information? One grave error that can cause your brain to misfire is if you feed it inaccurate information. If you want your brain to produce happiness, you must ensure that you&#8217;re feeding it the proper information to produce that result. Keep reading to learn more about how the misinformation effect works in the brain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":124930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,160],"tags":[1419],"class_list":["post-124061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-science","tag-that-little-voice-in-your-head","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is the Misinformation Effect? Mo Gawdat Explains - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When your brain is fed wrong information, it can lead to insecurity and unhappiness. 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