{"id":12382,"date":"2020-08-09T01:21:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-09T05:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=12382"},"modified":"2020-08-18T14:54:16","modified_gmt":"2020-08-18T18:54:16","slug":"nsa-edward-snowden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/","title":{"rendered":"The NSA, Edward Snowden, and Agency Weaknesses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>How did Edward Snowden end up working at the NSA? Did he start as an employee or contractor? Would the NSA, Edward Snowden, and mass surveillance be the same if Ed had a different career trajectory?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the NSA, Edward Snowden started as a contractor while employed by the University of Maryland. His work in each role at the NSA and CIA gave him knowledge that was later used to blow the whistle on mass surveillance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more about the NSA, Edward Snowden, and issues with mass surveillance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>NSA, Edward Snowden, and the University of Maryland<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When Snowden decided to pursue public service, he didn\u2019t immediately work for the government. While helping the NSA, Snowden was actually working for the state of Maryland at the University of Maryland. The project was to help the NSA open the Center for Advanced Study of Language (CASL). CASL was trying to use computers to understand foreign languages. Though this was important to the NSA, Snowden worked in a role that was effectively a security guard.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ed was looking for a better job. He found out that <strong>it was hard to directly work for the government. Instead, it was easier to be a government contractor with an outside company. <\/strong>Outsiders were actually doing national security work for the NSA. Edward Snowden found it frightening that they could do anything systems-level because it gave contractors access to all sorts of sensitive information. Contracted technologists would also work at secure facilities such as NSA headquarters.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>From the CIA to the NSA: Edward Snowden as a Government Contractor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ed\u2019s first contracting job was with COMSO. <strong>He was part of the CIA\u2019s Directorate of Support and his job was to manage CIA server architecture. <\/strong>He would have access to all the systems that stored and accessed intelligence. He also had access to COMSEC (communications security), which involves the codes that are used to protect all CIA information. These codes are considered some of the most secret of the CIA\u2019s secrets. <strong>At the time, it didn\u2019t occur to Ed that the breadth of his access might be indicative of a problem.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After working directly for the US government in Geneva, Ed took a new job in Japan in 2009. He went back to being a contractor (for Perot Systems, which was acquired by Dell) and worked for the NSA. Initially, his job was to connect <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-cia-operations-technology-langley\/\">the CIA<\/a> and NSA\u2019s infrastructure so they could share data.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The President\u2019s Surveillance Program and the NSA: Edward Snowden Becomes Suspicious<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>NSA is permitted to <strong>wiretap phone and Internet communication between the US and abroad <\/strong><strong><em>without <\/em><\/strong><strong>a warrant from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC). <\/strong>The justification was the threat of terror. This was put in place after 9\/11 by George Bush.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When Ed was in Tokyo, the unclassified report on the President\u2019s Surveillance Program (PSP) was released to the public. The PSP, created in response to 9\/11, had allowed the NSA to wiretap without a warrant and had allegedly expired in 2007. Ed thought the report had holes.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ed read a draft of the classified report and discovered that the US government was in fact conducting mass surveillance. <\/strong>Warrantless data collection had continued past the PSP\u2019s alleged expiry in 2007. <strong>Ed struggled with everything he read in the report as he realized the implications.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the NSA, Edward Snowden had seen the agency&#8217;s goal was to keep intelligence forever and he\u2019d even helped build a system that would help them store it.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>The Fourth Amendment<\/em> and the NSA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Fourth Amendment protects \u201cthe right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects.\u201d Computers didn\u2019t exist at the time of the writing, but <strong>the essence of the amendment is that if law enforcement wants to search you, your home, or your stuff, they need to prove there\u2019s a good reason to do so.<\/strong> Additionally, the reason must be specific\u2014law enforcement thinks you\u2019ve committed a specific crime. The warrant will specify the scope of the search and how long anyone has permission to search.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The NSA had to carefully interpret the Fourth Amendment to justify mass surveillance.<\/strong> According to the NSA, modern technology couldn\u2019t count as \u201cpapers\u201d or \u201ceffects,\u201d and data couldn\u2019t be considered personal property. For example, since you made a phone call, you\u2019d already \u201cshared\u201d data with your phone company, so you no longer had any right to privacy.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How did Edward Snowden end up working at the NSA? Did he start as an employee or contractor? Would the NSA, Edward Snowden, and mass surveillance be the same if Ed had a different career trajectory? At the NSA, Edward Snowden started as a contractor while employed by the University of Maryland. His work in each role at the NSA and CIA gave him knowledge that was later used to blow the whistle on mass surveillance. Read more about the NSA, Edward Snowden, and issues with mass surveillance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":12561,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,24],"tags":[116],"class_list":["post-12382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-society","tag-permanent-record","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The NSA, Edward Snowden, and Agency Weaknesses - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"At the NSA, Edward Snowden learned about mass surveillance. He used knowledge gained there to later blow the whistle. Learn more about Snowden and the NSA.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The NSA, Edward Snowden, and Agency Weaknesses\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"At the NSA, Edward Snowden learned about mass surveillance. He used knowledge gained there to later blow the whistle. Learn more about Snowden and the NSA.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-09T05:21:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-18T18:54:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/permanent-record-nsa-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rina Shah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rina Shah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rina Shah\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d07435826f13a8f422d5d333dceac287\"},\"headline\":\"The NSA, Edward Snowden, and Agency Weaknesses\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-09T05:21:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-18T18:54:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/\"},\"wordCount\":752,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/permanent-record-nsa-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Permanent Record\"],\"articleSection\":[\"History\",\"Society\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/\",\"name\":\"The NSA, Edward Snowden, and Agency Weaknesses - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nsa-edward-snowden\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/permanent-record-nsa-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-09T05:21:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-18T18:54:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"At the NSA, Edward Snowden learned about mass surveillance. 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