{"id":120086,"date":"2023-12-24T09:36:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T13:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=120086"},"modified":"2023-12-28T10:18:16","modified_gmt":"2023-12-28T14:18:16","slug":"material-well-being","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/material-well-being\/","title":{"rendered":"Material Well-Being: Views of Aristotle, Buddhists, &#038; Nietzsche"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What&#8217;s material well-being? How do different philosophies define it? In what sense do you have it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yale professors Miroslav Volf, Matthew Croasmun, and Ryan McAnnally-Linz contend that one component of a good life philosophy is that it promotes material well-being. In their book <em>Life Worth Living,<\/em> they explain that different thinkers have different standards of material well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn about these intriguing perspectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-well-being\">Material Well-Being<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, material well-being means having access to the resources that enable you to behave morally (you might resort to stealing if you can\u2019t afford to eat, for example) and live comfortably (for example, beauty products might help you enjoy life more). In contrast, Buddhists define material well-being as meeting your minimum survival needs (like food and shelter) and relational needs (like proximity to spiritual teachers). If you have more than that, you might form attachments that hinder enlightenment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Aristotle and Buddhists both <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/teleology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">measure material well-being <em>teleologically<\/em><\/a>\u2014that is, in relation to its support of your ultimate goals in life. In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/nicomachean-ethics\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Nicomachean Ethics<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>Aristotle argues that <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/nicomachean-ethics\/1-page-summary#defining-the-happiest-human-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">material well-being supports the <em>telos <\/em>(ultimate goal) of a happy life<\/a>. Likewise, Buddhists believe <a href=\"https:\/\/berkleycenter.georgetown.edu\/responses\/a-buddhist-perspective-is-universal-basic-income-genuinely-caring-compassionate-and-wise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a minimal standard of material well-being is necessary to achieve the <em>telos <\/em>of enlightenment<\/a>. You can tailor your own standard of material well-being with regard to your personal telos. For example, in <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-pathless-path\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Pathless Path<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>career coach Paul Millerd argues that if you value freedom, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/maturity-continuum-7-habits\/\">independence<\/a>, and time to explore over financial stability, you should become a freelancer and <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-pathless-path\/1-page-summary#step-3-adjust-to-your-new-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">embrace material standards like sustainability, frugality, generosity, and insecurity<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Volf, Croasmun, and McAnnally-Linz also say that your life philosophy should help you understand <em>whose <\/em>material well-being you\u2019re concerned with. They explain that the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche prioritized the flourishing of brilliant people above all else because their work improves <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/quality-of-life-meaning\/\">the quality of life<\/a> on Earth. For brilliant people to flourish, they need superior living conditions, which a deprived underclass must work hard (and suffer more) to provide them with. However, many other philosophies advocate different visions of <em>global <\/em>material well-being. For example, Christians believe God\u2019s love can heal the entire world and bring about universal flourishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: The authors explain that Nietzsche believed that a deprived underclass must suffer for the good of a privileged few brilliant people\u2014but other experts note that Nietzsche believed that <a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/536220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a life of toil and deprivation (\u201cslavery\u201d) was <em>good <\/em>for the underprivileged masses<\/a>. That\u2019s because he evaluated human lives on the basis of their contributions to society\u2014in his view, most people couldn\u2019t contribute brilliant inventions, but they <em>could <\/em>contribute their labor in ways that supported the people who came up with such inventions. The authors say Christians differ from Nietzsche because they advocate <em>global <\/em>material well-being, but this isn\u2019t universally true\u2014studies show <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41599-018-0135-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">some Christians justify material inequality<\/a> using Biblical ideas like sin.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What&#8217;s material well-being? How do different philosophies define it? In what sense do you have it? Yale professors Miroslav Volf, Matthew Croasmun, and Ryan McAnnally-Linz contend that one component of a good life philosophy is that it promotes material well-being. In their book Life Worth Living, they explain that different thinkers have different standards of material well-being. Keep reading to learn about these intriguing perspectives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":120100,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,21,6],"tags":[1355],"class_list":["post-120086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-philosophy","category-spiritual","tag-life-worth-living","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Material Well-Being: Views of Aristotle, Buddhists, &amp; Nietzsche - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A good life philosophy promotes material well-being. But, there are different perspectives on what that means. 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