{"id":119143,"date":"2023-12-13T12:40:22","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T16:40:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=119143"},"modified":"2025-10-03T10:11:02","modified_gmt":"2025-10-03T14:11:02","slug":"what-is-dopamine-in-the-brain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-dopamine-in-the-brain\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Dopamine in the Brain? The \u201cWhat If\u201d Chemical"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is dopamine in the brain? How does it work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dopamine in the brain is responsible for motivation and happiness, and is known as the \u201cwhat if\u201d chemical. Learning what this means and how this works can help you understand your own behaviors better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is why dopamine is known as the \u201cwhat if\u201d chemical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p><em>Editor\u2019s note: This article is part of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hub\/personal-life\/health\/mental\/understanding-habits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Shortform\u2019s guide to habits<\/a>. If you like what you read here, there\u2019s plenty more to check out in the guide!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dopamine-the-what-if-chemical\">Dopamine: The \u2018What If\u2019 Chemical<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>What is dopamine in the brain, according to experts? In their book <em>The Molecule of More<\/em>, Daniel Z. Lieberman and Michael E. Long explain that dopamine is a neurotransmitter\u2014a chemical for carrying signals between brain cells\u2014that serves as both a motivator and a reward when you pursue new possibilities, or \u201cwhat ifs.\u201d Your brain releases dopamine when you encounter something new or unexpected, or when you make progress toward a personal goal. Furthermore, dopamine creates feelings of pleasure, so you\u2019ll naturally want to pursue things that produce that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/dopamine-high\/\">dopamine high<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, <strong>dopamine drives you to learn new things, have unique experiences, and get what you want.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: As the neurotransmitter responsible for motivation and reward, dopamine also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3413474\/#:~:text=Dopamine%2C%20the%20main%20neurotransmitter%20of,%2C%20attention%2C%20drives%20and%20mood.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">plays a crucial role<\/a> in <em>executive functions<\/em>: your ability to coordinate and manage your thoughts and behavior. The term evokes the image of a CEO overseeing a company\u2019s various operations (your decisions and actions) and determining what that company should do. Extending the metaphor, dopamine acts like a consultant: It recommends goals and possible courses of action to the CEO, which you experience as desire. It also gives feedback on the CEO\u2019s progress toward those goals, which you experience as pleasure.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-if-versus-what-is\">\u2018What If\u2019 Versus \u2018What Is\u2019<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lieberman and Long explain that the human brain splits the world into two categories, which we\u2019ll refer to as \u201cwhat if\u201d and \u201cwhat is.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat if\u201d means anything that would take effort to obtain. This category can refer to literal objects, like a bottle of milk that you need to go to the grocery store to get. However, it could also mean experiences you\u2019d like to have or situations you\u2019d like to be in; for example, meeting your favorite celebrity or starting a relationship with someone you\u2019re attracted to. <strong>Dopamine motivates you to pursue things in the \u201cwhat if\u201d category.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Dopamine doesn\u2019t just drive you to get things in the \u201cwhat if\u201d category\u2014it actually helps you <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31502081\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">remember that those things exist<\/a>. We know this because people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)\u2014a psychological condition believed to result from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/adhd\/adhd-dopamine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lack of dopamine<\/a>\u2014often suffer from <a href=\"https:\/\/attncenter.nyc\/object-permanence-and-adhd-the-out-of-sight-out-of-mind-phenomenon-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">object impermanence<\/a>. This means that, if something isn\u2019t right in front of them or isn\u2019t immediately relevant (if it\u2019s in the \u201cwhat if\u201d category), they tend to forget about it; this is also called \u201cout of sight, out of mind.\u201d For example, people with ADHD often struggle to stay in touch with their friends and family because it simply doesn\u2019t occur to them.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conversely, \u201cwhat is\u201d refers to anything you could easily see, hear, feel, or otherwise experience at the present moment. For example, your favorite song might fall into this category; even if you\u2019re not currently listening to that song, you could easily take out your phone or go on your computer and experience it at any moment. <strong>A collection of different neurotransmitters handles \u201cwhat is<\/strong>.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is dopamine in the brain? How does it work? Dopamine in the brain is responsible for motivation and happiness, and is known as the \u201cwhat if\u201d chemical. Learning what this means and how this works can help you understand your own behaviors better. Here is why dopamine is known as the \u201cwhat if\u201d chemical.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":119301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,9,160],"tags":[1345],"class_list":["post-119143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-motivation","category-psychology","category-science","tag-the-molecule-of-more","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is Dopamine in the Brain? 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