{"id":118935,"date":"2023-12-09T11:41:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-09T15:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=118935"},"modified":"2023-12-14T11:46:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T15:46:56","slug":"big-data-discrimination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/big-data-discrimination\/","title":{"rendered":"Big Data Discrimination: Hurting the Poor in Favor of the Rich"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What causes big data discrimination? How do dangerous math models hurt the poor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>Weapons of Math Destruction<\/em>, Cathy O\u2019Neil argues that dangerous math models disproportionately inflict harm on the poor. This is because they show favoritism towards rich people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s dive deeper into big data&#8217;s discrimination problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-breaking-down-privilege-in-big-data\"><strong>Breaking Down Privilege in Big Data<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>O\u2019Neil argues that dangerous mathematical models tend to harm poor people while offering preferential treatment to rich people. It\u2019s more efficient and cost-effective for institutions to automate the bulk of their interactions, so they use mathematical models to determine <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/college-admissions-criteria\/\">college admissions<\/a>, sort through job applications, evaluate job performance, and calculate credit scores\u2014all processes that favor wealthy people\u2019s backgrounds and circumstances.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The result is that poor people often get poorer from their interactions with big data discrimination, while rich people largely benefit from their interactions with the same systems. <strong>Over time, this leads to increased income disparity and social inequality.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: While O\u2019Neil argues that dangerous mathematical models disproportionately harm the poor, Matthew Desmond argues that <em>we<\/em> all play a part in perpetuating poverty. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/poverty-by-america\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Poverty, by America<\/em><\/a>, Desmond argues that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/poverty-in-the-united-states\/\">poverty in America<\/a> persists because <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/poverty-by-america\/1-page-summary#part-3-how-wealthy-americans-exploit-poverty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">it <em>benefits<\/em> many Americans to keep some of their fellow Americans poor<\/a>: As consumers, we demand cheap goods and expect quick service and delivery of those goods, we buy stock in companies that exploit their workers, and we support housing rules that trap people in poor communities and, consequently, generational poverty.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, algorithms that calculate credit scores are designed to predict a borrower\u2019s ability to repay loans based on factors like loan repayment history, current debt levels, and income. Poor people, often with low scores due to unstable incomes, little credit history, or small financial missteps (such as late bill payments, which are common among those struggling financially), face higher loan interest rates or denial of credit, amplifying their financial struggles. Conversely, wealthier individuals often have long credit histories and enough resources for on-time payments, leading to high credit scores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>US Credit Scores Perpetuate Racial Inequality<\/strong><br><br>Credit scores were created to prevent the sort of harm that O\u2019Neil writes about\u2014in theory, using mathematical models to crunch cold, hard numbers rather than having humans evaluate who\u2019s creditworthy is a more objective approach. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/2022\/05\/30\/opinion\/where-credit-scores-come-why-they-dont-quite-add-up-can\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the current system<\/a>\u2014which gives people a score ranging from 300-850 (with numbers above 700 generally considered good)\u2014has been shaped by long-standing patterns of systemic bias and punishes people of color.<br><br>The credit scoring system awards more points for things like home ownership and credit history\u2014things that more often <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/the-goods\/22736387\/how-credit-scores-work-equifax-experian-transunion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tick the boxes of wealthier, white individuals<\/a>. For instance, the homeownership rate for white Americans is at 71.7% versus the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jchs.harvard.edu\/blog\/nearly-every-state-people-color-are-less-likely-own-homes-compared-white-households\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">homeownership rate for Black Americans at just 47%<\/a>. This means people of color have lower credit scores, making it harder for them to obtain credit to buy homes and build a credit history to begin with. One study found that <a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2023\/04\/19\/credit-scoring-pseudoscienc-perpetuates-consequences-of-slavery-segregation-finance-banks-diversity-king-bell\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Black and brown borrowers were given higher interest rates<\/a> for loans and that the denial rate for Black mortgage applicants in 2022 was 84% higher than that of white borrowers.<br><br>Experts recommend a couple of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/advisor\/credit-cards\/from-inherent-racial-bias-to-incorrect-data-the-problems-with-current-credit-scoring-models\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ways to improve the credit scoring system<\/a>. First is to factor rent payments into credit histories\u2014this could <a href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.transunion.com\/alternative-data-such-as-rent-payment-reporting-bridges-the-gap-for-unscorable-consumers-and-increases-financial-inclusion-opportunities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">boost renters\u2019 credit scores by nearly 60 points<\/a>. Another way is to consider <em>cash flow<\/em> (how money goes in and out of someone\u2019s bank account during a specific period) to get a clearer picture of someone\u2019s financial standing. This would be especially helpful to young people and immigrants who are just starting to build their credit histories.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What causes big data discrimination? How do dangerous math models hurt the poor? In Weapons of Math Destruction, Cathy O\u2019Neil argues that dangerous math models disproportionately inflict harm on the poor. This is because they show favoritism towards rich people. Let&#8217;s dive deeper into big data&#8217;s discrimination problem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":119195,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,24,25],"tags":[1343],"class_list":["post-118935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","category-society","category-statistics","tag-weapons-of-math-destruction","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Big Data Discrimination: Hurting the Poor in Favor of the Rich - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Did you know that credit scores and college admissions use biased math models? 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