{"id":118441,"date":"2023-12-05T16:24:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-05T20:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=118441"},"modified":"2026-01-22T13:07:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T17:07:36","slug":"who-were-the-transcendentalists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/who-were-the-transcendentalists\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Were the Transcendentalists, and What Did They Believe?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Who were the Transcendentalists? What did they believe? What&#8217;s their legacy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Transcendentalism was a 19th-century movement in New England. The Transcendentalists, predominantly philosophers and writers, believed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/am-trans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">goodness of humans and nature<\/a> and promoted the idea that following your intuition enables you to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-find-meaning-in-your-life\/\">find meaning in your life<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more to learn about the Transcendentalists and their ideas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-who-were-the-transcendentalists\">Who Were the Transcendentalists?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The land where Henry David Thoreau\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/henry-david-thoreaus-cabin\/\">cabin on Walden<\/a> Pond stood belonged to his mentor, philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson. During his time at Walden, Thoreau <a href=\"https:\/\/slate.com\/culture\/2021\/10\/thoreau-walden-pond-book-emerson-rafia-zakaria.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">experimented with the idea<\/a> that a person could find and even perfect himself by turning to nature. This idea was promoted by Emerson and by the Transcendentalists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just who were the Transcendentalists? They were a group of New England intellectuals (Emerson and Thoreau chief among them) who shared ideas about nature, the self, and divinity. The Transcendentalists contended that people should strive for freedom of thought, cultivate their own sense of spirituality, and develop a deep connection to nature rather than conform to the norms of a materialistic society.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/us.macmillan.com\/books\/9780374279325\/thetranscendentalistsandtheirworld\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Transcendentalists and Their World<\/em><\/a>, historian Robert Gross characterizes Emerson and Thoreau\u2019s ideas as responses to <a href=\"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/164828\/emerson-thoreau-fanatical-freedom-transcendentalists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a shift in social values<\/a> from the communal to the individual. As Gross tells it, Transcendentalism sought to make sense of a rapidly changing world\u2014a world that was being <a href=\"https:\/\/yalereview.org\/article\/caleb-smith-saunterers-club\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">remade by industrial capitalism<\/a>. Gross characterizes Transcendentalism as a philosophy that emerged to enable the individual, as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2021\/12\/emerson-transcendentalists-concord-robert-gross\/620534\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">empowered by nature<\/a>, to control his fate in this modern world. But scholar Sarah Blackwood contends that\u2014though this idea figures less prominently in Gross\u2019s book\u2014the story of Transcendentalism is also one of Emerson and Thoreau\u2019s failure to grapple with the past.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blackwood explains that, 50 years after the American Revolution, the freedom that the Transcendentalists sought was not available to everyone. According to Blackwood, Emerson and Thoreau didn\u2019t really think about Black and indigenous people\u2019s experiences. She explains that their enthusiasm for individual freedom\u2014for using the individual self to transcend the physical world and access a spiritual world\u2014ignored the harms of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, indigenous dispossession, and settler violence. These harms were not only woven into the nation\u2019s past but were also ongoing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the flaws in their philosophy, Emerson, Thoreau, and their peers have had a long-lasting impact on American culture. One critic writes that the ideas of the Transcendentalists (Emerson, Thoreau, Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, and others) are carried onward by writers she calls <a href=\"https:\/\/thenewinquiry.com\/new-transcendentalist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the \u201cNew Transcendentalists<\/a>,\u201d such as Marilynne Robinson, Wendell Berry, Thomas Merton, Mary Oliver, and Rebecca Solnit. The Transcendentalist concern for resisting structural powers\u2014even if Thoreau and Emerson articulated it only imperfectly\u2014also <a href=\"https:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/historical-events\/transcendentalism.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">relates to modern conversations<\/a> on social justice, climate activism, and the ethical project of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hub\/society-culture\/how-to-make-the-world-a-better-place\/\">making the world better<\/a> for everyone.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Who were the Transcendentalists? What did they believe? What&#8217;s their legacy? Transcendentalism was a 19th-century movement in New England. The Transcendentalists, predominantly philosophers and writers, believed in the goodness of humans and nature and promoted the idea that following your intuition enables you to find meaning in your life. Read more to learn about the Transcendentalists and their ideas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":31420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,33,21],"tags":[1338],"class_list":["post-118441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-people","category-philosophy","tag-walden","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Who Were the Transcendentalists, and What Did They Believe? - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Transcendentalists were a group of New England intellectuals who shared ideas about nature, the self, and divinity. 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