{"id":116616,"date":"2023-10-28T17:31:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-28T21:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=116616"},"modified":"2023-11-01T15:18:41","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T19:18:41","slug":"machines-taking-over-jobs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/machines-taking-over-jobs\/","title":{"rendered":"Machines Taking Over Jobs: A Tale as Old as Time"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Are you worried that you&#8217;ll lose your job to a machine? What&#8217;s the historical precedence for this concern?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Economist Robert J. Shiller points to several narratives that tap into fundamental themes that have shaped our collective understanding of past economic events. In turn, the narratives themselves come to have a profound influence on future events. One of these narratives entails machines taking over jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn about this recurring economic narrative that provides some needed perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-machines-taking-over-jobs\">Machines Taking Over Jobs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shiller writes that fears of technological unemployment have persisted throughout history, including the Industrial Age and the present era of AI and automation. Indeed, he writes that the fear of machines taking over jobs is a narrative with deep historical roots, dating back to the ancient Greeks. Throughout history, every significant technological advance has rekindled this narrative, often accompanied by riots and fierce protests as people grapple with the implications of automation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This narrative gained momentum, Shiller notes, with the onset of the Industrial Age and continued well into the early 20th century. It reached its peak during the 1930s when many people attributed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/great-depression-and-the-new-deal\/\">Great Depression<\/a> to technological unemployment. During this period, the fear that machines could displace human jobs was palpable, and it fueled concerns about economic stability and inequality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Some commentators agree that fears about the technological displacement of human workers are a recurring historical theme\u2014and that <a href=\"https:\/\/fee.org\/articles\/the-luddites-were-wrong-then-and-theyre-wrong-now\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">these arguments have been wrong every time they\u2019ve been advanced<\/a>. Their proponents are typically called \u201cLuddites\u201d\u2014named after a legendary figure in the early 19th-century British labor movement, Ned Ludd, who supposedly led English textile workers to protest against the introduction of labor-saving machinery during the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-caused-the-industrial-revolution\/\">Industrial Revolution<\/a>. However, critics of the original <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-luddite-movement\/\">Luddite movement<\/a> argue that their resistance to progress was misguided, as the Industrial Revolution ultimately led to increased productivity, improved living standards, and the creation of new job opportunities.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-emerging-ai-narrative\">The Emerging AI Narrative<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the modern era, writes Shiller, <strong>computers and AI represent the latest manifestation of this narrative<\/strong>. Just as engines and machines once replaced physical labor, AI and computers are now poised to replace intellectual labor. The concern is that, if workers accept this narrative too deeply and come to fear their jobs will be automated in the near future, they may curtail their spending now, anticipating economic uncertainty. This reduction in consumer spending could lead to a decrease in overall demand, potentially triggering a recession. And, in a neat illustration of the self-reinforcing power of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/economic-narratives\/\">economic narratives<\/a>, a recession might incentivize employers to invest <em>more <\/em>in money-saving automation as they seek to cut costs, perpetuating the cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Will Technology Create a \u201cUseless Class\u201d?<\/strong><br><br>Echoing the questions Shiller raises about automation, Yuval Noah Harari writes in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/21-lessons-for-the-21st-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>21 Lessons for the 21st Century<\/em><\/a> that one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century will be a net loss in employment that creates a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/21-lessons-for-the-21st-century\/chapter-2#automation-creating-a-useless-class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cuseless class\u201d of unskilled workers<\/a>. While Harari argues that some workers will be able to get training in a new set of skills, technology will continue to change so rapidly that those new skills could also become obsolete a decade later. Even in fields that introduce human-computer teams, computers may eventually perform so well that they no longer need their human partners.<br><br>Harari draws a contrast with the earlier waves of automation cited by Shiller. Throughout history, observes Harari, each new machine and labor-saving technology created at least as many jobs as it eliminated\u2014for example, a piece of equipment that replaced a human laborer also required someone to operate the equipment and another person to do maintenance on it. Past innovations substituted human workers\u2019 physical capabilities, but not their cognitive abilities.<br><br>However, writes Harari, the dual rise of infotech and biotech is creating technologies that truly <em>could<\/em><strong> <\/strong>replace the need for human workers. New discoveries in neuroscience have revealed that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/embrace-ai\/\">human skills<\/a> such as analyzing, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/methods-of-decision-making-crucial-conversations\/\">decision-making<\/a>, communicating, and interpreting other people\u2019s emotions are the results of specific brain algorithms. Now that scientists are coming to understand how the human brain uses these algorithms, technologists can increasingly replicate those processes with AI. As a result, not only can machines do a human\u2019s job\u2014they may even be able to do it better than humans can.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you worried that you&#8217;ll lose your job to a machine? What&#8217;s the historical precedence for this concern? Economist Robert J. Shiller points to several narratives that tap into fundamental themes that have shaped our collective understanding of past economic events. In turn, the narratives themselves come to have a profound influence on future events. One of these narratives entails machines taking over jobs. Keep reading to learn about this recurring economic narrative that provides some needed perspective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":79570,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,39,30],"tags":[1312],"class_list":["post-116616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics","category-history","category-work","tag-narrative-economics","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Machines Taking Over Jobs: A Tale as Old as Time - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The fear of machines taking over jobs is a narrative with deep historical roots, dating back to the ancient Greeks. Take a look.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/machines-taking-over-jobs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Machines Taking Over Jobs: A Tale as Old as Time\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The fear of machines taking over jobs is a narrative with deep historical roots, dating back to the ancient Greeks. 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