{"id":116450,"date":"2023-10-22T17:56:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-22T21:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=116450"},"modified":"2023-10-30T14:35:38","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T18:35:38","slug":"election-of-president-lincoln","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/election-of-president-lincoln\/","title":{"rendered":"The Election of President Lincoln (and a Backlash that Led to War)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why did the Republican Party choose Abraham Lincoln as a presidential candidate? What backlash did his election receive?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just as Abraham Lincoln was losing a Senate race, he was winning the confidence of his fellow Republicans. Biographer Jon Meacham discusses the election of President Lincoln and how it stirred up a hornet&#8217;s nest that put the nation on the path to war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more to learn about the election of President Lincoln and the stunning aftermath.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-election-of-president-lincoln\">The Election of President Lincoln<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The election of President Lincoln was notable for a couple of reasons. Meacham explains how it came about in the first place and what happened as a result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lincoln joined the newly formed Republican Party in 1856. He ran for an Illinois Senate seat in 1858, but he lost narrowly to Democratic Party candidate Stephen Douglas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note:<strong> <\/strong>To highlight how remarkable it was that Lincoln lost so narrowly to Douglas, it\u2019s worth noting that Douglas seemingly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.battlefields.org\/learn\/articles\/lincoln-douglas-debates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">had every advantage<\/a> over Lincoln. At the time, Stephen Douglas was one of the most popular and influential politicians in the country, while Lincoln only had a single term in Congress to his name and was running as a member of a brand new political party (the Republican Party). That near-loss to a relatively unknown opponent spoke to Lincoln\u2019s charisma and his debate skills.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite his loss, the political world took note of Lincoln\u2019s debate skills; he quickly became popular among his colleagues not just in Illinois but across the entire country. As a result of his newfound fame, <strong>the Republicans chose Lincoln as their presidential candidate in 1860, and he won the election.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1861, at the age of 52, Abraham Lincoln took office as the 16th president of the United States.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>The Republican and Democratic Parties, Then and Now<\/strong><br><br>The Republican Party of Lincoln\u2019s day was very different from the present-day Republican Party. In fact, at its founding, the Republican Party was considered the liberal party, while the Democratic Party was conservative; this is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.studentsofhistory.com\/ideologies-flip-Democratic-Republican-parties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the opposite of the two parties\u2019 respective platforms today<\/a>. Therefore, Stephen Douglas\u2014who believed the federal government had no place interfering with slavery at all\u2014exemplified the beliefs of the early Democratic Party. By contrast, Lincoln\u2019s centrist approach, such as his failed bill to abolish slavery in Washington, D.C., was in line with the more progressive Republican party of the day.<br><br>While today\u2019s Democratic and Republican parties look very different from those of Lincoln\u2019s day, the rivalry between these parties has endured. According to some experts, the 1860 election marked <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/United-States-presidential-election-of-1860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the start of the country\u2019s two-party rivalry<\/a> that we still see today.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-backlash-to-lincoln-s-election-victory\">The Backlash to Lincoln\u2019s Election Victory<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lincoln, as well as the Republican Party as a whole, strongly opposed slavery. Therefore, Lincoln\u2019s win pleased abolitionists, but he and his colleagues feared retribution from slavery advocates. In fact, Meacham notes, there were rumors that former Virginia Governor Henry Wise was raising an army of 25,000 men, with a plan to march on Washington, D.C., and stop Lincoln from taking office.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Lincoln won the presidency partly due to <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopediavirginia.org\/entries\/wise-henry-a-1806-1876\/#:~:text=message%20to%20abolitionists.-,Secession,-In%20death%2C%20John\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a split in the Democratic Party<\/a> that led to them nominating two candidates for the 1860 election (Douglas and John C. Breckinridge). During this schism, Henry Wise\u2014who had previously opposed his party on several key issues\u2014suggested himself as a compromise between the Northern and Deep South factions of the Democrats, but he didn\u2019t receive a nomination. After Lincoln\u2019s victory, Wise didn\u2019t personally lead an army to Washington, D.C. as the rumors suggested he would. However, he <em>was <\/em>the driving force behind Virginia\u2019s secession and served as a brigadier general in the Army of Northern Virginia.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-confederacy-secedes\">The Confederacy Secedes<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The rumors of an attack on Washington, D.C. proved false; <strong>instead, the pro-slavery South decided to leave the Union entirely.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On February 8, 1861, seven states\u2014South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas\u2014declared they were seceding from the United States, and they came together to found the Confederate States of America. Four more states joined the Confederacy in April of that same year: Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Why the Confederate States Seceded<\/strong><br><br>Lincoln\u2019s election wasn\u2019t the only factor in the states\u2019 decision to secede; in fact, South Carolina and Mississippi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/american-civil-war\/confederate-states-of-america#:~:text=ceased%20to%20exist.-,North%20Versus%20South,-The%20southern%20and\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">had been calling for secession for over a decade<\/a> by the time Lincoln took office.<br><br>As Meacham says, the divide between North and South was largely driven by the issue of slavery. Many people in Northern states opposed slavery, but the South (which relied on enslaved people as a cheap source of plantation labor) feared that freeing them would harm the Southern states\u2019 economy.<br><br>In that tense atmosphere, Lincoln\u2019s election was merely the inciting incident. Southern politicians began claiming that Lincoln intended to free enslaved people by force, and that secession was the only way to save their states and their way of life. There was little truth to the politicians\u2019 claims\u2014in fact, Lincoln only favored a \u201cfree-soil\u201d policy stating that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mava\/learn\/historyculture\/the-election-of-1848-free-soil-free-labor-free-men.htm#:~:text=Instead%2C%20they%20were%20in%20line%20with%20growing%20national%20sentiment%20against%20the%20expansion%20of%20slavery.%20They%20were%20in%20favor%2C%20for%20example%2C%20of%20the%20Wilmot%20Proviso%2C%20which%20would%20have%20banned%20slavery%20from%20all%20of%20the%20new%20territory%20acquired%20during%20the%20Mexican%2DAmerican%20War.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">slavery should not expand into any <em>new <\/em>US territories<\/a>. Nonetheless, many southern states decided to secede, thereby sparking the American Civil War.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why did the Republican Party choose Abraham Lincoln as a presidential candidate? What backlash did his election receive? Just as Abraham Lincoln was losing a Senate race, he was winning the confidence of his fellow Republicans. Biographer Jon Meacham discusses the election of President Lincoln and how it stirred up a hornet&#8217;s nest that put the nation on the path to war. Read more to learn about the election of President Lincoln and the stunning aftermath.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":43623,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,33,275],"tags":[1309],"class_list":["post-116450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-people","category-politics","tag-and-there-was-light","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Election of President Lincoln (and a Backlash that Led to War) - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The election of President Lincoln came out of left field. Then it stirred up a hornet&#039;s nest that put America on the path to war. 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