{"id":115921,"date":"2023-10-28T11:20:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-28T15:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=115921"},"modified":"2023-11-02T13:12:27","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T17:12:27","slug":"drucker-knowledge-worker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/drucker-knowledge-worker\/","title":{"rendered":"Peter Drucker: Knowledge Workers Make Up the US Workforce"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What does the term &#8220;knowledge worker&#8221; mean? What should the goal of knowledge workers be?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Peter Drucker, knowledge workers are employees whose primary contribution comes from subject-matter expertise that isn&#8217;t shared by everyone else in an organization. Knowledge workers are now the driving force in most, if not all, businesses and organizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn how to guide knowledge workers and utilize their talents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cultivating-experts\"><strong>Cultivating Experts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>The Essential Drucker<\/em> by Peter Drucker, knowledge workers are defined, as well as how organizations facilitate their productivity, the risks involved with mismanaging knowledge workers, and why communication between managers and knowledge workers must flow clearly in both directions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Drucker writes that by the end of the 20th century, knowledge workers comprised the majority of the US workforce. As a result, it\u2019s now commonly assumed that workers need a college degree to pursue a productive career of any kind. <strong>Knowledge workers are experts in their fields in ways that their managers aren\u2019t.<\/strong> Therefore, while managers set overall expectations for knowledge workers\u2019 direction and productivity, there are many situations in which the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peter-drucker-knowledge-worker\/\">knowledge worker<\/a> has higher authority than their boss, such as in the example of the software engineer in the previous section. While managers teach knowledge workers the needs and mission of the organization, knowledge workers teach their bosses the ins and outs of their own expertise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>White-Collar Work and Managing Upward<\/strong><br><br>Drucker\u2019s term \u201cknowledge worker\u201d grew out of the concept of \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/bluecollar-worker-whitecollar-worker-11074.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">white-collar workers<\/a>\u201d who were first recognized as a separate section of the workforce in the 1920s. The distinguishing feature of white-collar work is that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbestechcouncil\/2020\/12\/10\/the-year-of-the-knowledge-worker\/?sh=4b05a5857fbb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">it is chiefly intellectual<\/a>, as opposed to primarily physical \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/wealth-management\/120215\/blue-collar-vs-white-collar-different-social-classes.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">blue-collar jobs<\/a>\u201d such as retail, manufacturing, and those in other forms of industry. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wallstreetmojo.com\/white-collar-worker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Management itself falls into the category of white-collar knowledge work<\/a>.<br><br>While Drucker writes about knowledge workers from a managerial perspective, the authors of <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/first-break-all-the-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>First, Break All the Rules<\/em><\/a> devote a chapter to understanding <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/first-break-all-the-rules\/chapter-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">how to deal with managers<\/a> from the knowledge worker\u2019s point of view. Their tips involve scheduling meetings with your manager to discuss your performance and goals, reframing your role to providing specific outcomes, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/when-to-say-no\/\">setting boundaries<\/a> with management regarding how much supervision you require and what sort of feedback is appropriate.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-guiding-knowledge-workers\">Guiding Knowledge Workers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Most knowledge workers\u2019 expertise is useless without an organization to apply it. After all, how much can an engineer contribute without a business to make use of her talents? It\u2019s management\u2019s job to find the best way to utilize knowledge workers\u2019 skills and then step back to let the experts work. For this reason, <strong>it\u2019s vitally important that managers align knowledge workers\u2019 goals with those of the overall organization.<\/strong> Drucker argues that this is especially true in large organizations, where it\u2019s often hard for experts to see the impact of their work on the company\u2019s larger goals. For instance, a software engineer may see creating an app as her purpose, rather than fulfilling the needs of customers for whom the app is ultimately designed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-unicorn-project\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Unicorn Project<\/em><\/a>, Gene Kim presents a fictional case study of what happens when management fails to link knowledge worker\u2019s output to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/organizational-goals\/\">organizational goals<\/a>. In Kim\u2019s example, a company\u2019s software engineers <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-unicorn-project\/1-page-summary#the-impossible-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">work in isolation from each other<\/a> with no real-time feedback, no visible progress, and no reminders of how what they\u2019re working on will fulfill a larger corporate objective. Kim\u2019s solution is to <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-unicorn-project\/1-page-summary#simplicity-and-focus-on-the-customer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">focus all work on the needs of the customer<\/a>, which aligns with Drucker\u2019s thesis that a business\u2019s goals are always external, not centered on the organization or the individual worker.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Drucker says that communication is key to aligning knowledge workers with organizational goals, but it doesn\u2019t work if communication only comes from the top down. <strong>Experts must be able to communicate their understanding of their work upward to their managers.<\/strong> When this happens, managers will find that their expectations and goals differ from those of whom they supervise. Drucker suggests that only then can true communication begin, as managers and knowledge workers bring their differing perspectives into alignment. The next step for managers is fostering communication between knowledge workers with different expertise, so they can all understand how they contribute to the objectives of the greater whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: As tricky as one-on-one communication can be, fostering open communication across teams can be complicated indeed. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/radical-candor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Radical Candor<\/em><\/a>, Kim Scott lays out a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/radical-candor\/chapter-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">seven-step process<\/a> for building group collaboration out of communication. These include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/radical-candor\/chapter-7#step-1-listening\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">listening<\/a> to everyone on the team, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/radical-candor\/chapter-7#step-2-clarifying\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">clarifying<\/a> the ideas they present, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/radical-candor\/chapter-7#step-3-debating\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">debating<\/a> the merits of each idea, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/radical-candor\/chapter-7#step-4-deciding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">deciding<\/a> upon the best course of action, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/radical-candor\/chapter-7#step-5-persuading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">persuading<\/a> everyone to carry out that decision, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/radical-candor\/chapter-7#step-6-executing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">executing<\/a> the appropriate actions, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/radical-candor\/chapter-7#step-7-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">learning<\/a> from the process as a whole. While Drucker has much to say on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/methods-of-decision-making-crucial-conversations\/\">decision-making<\/a> and implementation, which we\u2019ll cover next, he doesn\u2019t include debate and persuasion as part of his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/rational-decision-making-process\/\">decision-making process<\/a>.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What does the term &#8220;knowledge worker&#8221; mean? What should the goal of knowledge workers be? According to Peter Drucker, knowledge workers are employees whose primary contribution comes from subject-matter expertise that isn&#8217;t shared by everyone else in an organization. Knowledge workers are now the driving force in most, if not all, businesses and organizations. Learn how to guide knowledge workers and utilize their talents.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":50827,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,30],"tags":[1302],"class_list":["post-115921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-management","category-work","tag-the-essential-drucker","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Peter Drucker: Knowledge Workers Make Up the US Workforce - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"According to Peter Drucker, knowledge workers are the backbone of modern businesses. 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