{"id":11528,"date":"2020-08-06T12:03:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T16:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=11528"},"modified":"2022-04-01T15:37:26","modified_gmt":"2022-04-01T19:37:26","slug":"hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/","title":{"rendered":"HeLa Cells and Polio Vaccination: The First Big Use of HeLa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>How did Dr. Jonas Salk develop the polio vaccine? How did HeLa cells and polio get combined? Without HeLa cells, polio would still be around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Jonas Salk is the creator of the polio vaccine. He used HeLa cells and polio vaccines that were administered to 2 million children. This resulted in the first big scientific development using HeLa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn more about HeLa cells and polio, Dr. Jonas Salk&#8217;s research, and the impact of HeLa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>The first major use of HeLa cells was in the fight against polio. The study necessitated a tremendous number of cultured human cells\u2014HeLa cells, initially provided by George Gey and grown in massive quantities at the Tuskegee Institute, the renowned black university.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Jonas Salk announced his polio vaccine in 1952, but he couldn\u2019t judge its effectiveness until it had been tested on a massive scale. The National Foundation of Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) developed a trial\u2014it would inoculate 2 million children with Salk\u2019s vaccine and then test the children\u2019s blood for immunity.&nbsp;HeLa cells and polio vaccines together were the solution.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HeLa Cells and Polio: Testing the Vaccine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To test for immunity using HeLa cells and polio vaccines, the children\u2019s blood would have to be mixed with cells infected with poliovirus. In the past, these cells came from monkeys, but the extraction procedure killed the monkeys and monkeys were expensive. (Animal rights activism wasn\u2019t as prominent in the 1950s as it is today.)&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">George Gey&#8217;s Tests of HeLa Cells and Polio<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The NFIP contacted George Gey, who had discovered that HeLa cells could grow \u201cin suspension\u201d\u2014that is, unlike previous cell cultures, which needed a glass surface to adhere to, HeLa cells could grow floating in a culture medium as long as they were continually stirred. <strong>This meant that they could grow in large vessels as long as there was ample medium<\/strong>. HeLa and polio could work.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, they had to determine if HeLa and polio worked together. Once Gey and a colleague from NFIP determined that HeLa cells were in fact susceptible to poliovirus\u2014some cells were naturally resistant\u2014the colleague was tasked with overseeing an industrial-level operation for growing HeLa cells. <strong>This operation was to be housed at the Tuskegee Institute, the renowned black university<\/strong>; the location had been advocated for by Charles Bynum, an executive of the NFIP, who was a science teacher and one of the first black foundation executives in the country.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HeLa Distribution Center Supporting HeLa and Polio Testing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In a matter of months, the HeLa Distribution Center was up and running. The operation began with six black scientists and technicians, but the staff eventually grew to 35, many of whom were women. <strong>The Center produced 20,000 tubes of HeLa cells\u20146 trillion total cells\u2014a week<\/strong>. Dr. Jonas Salk&#8217;s vaccine was shown to be effective using the HeLa and polio study. Ironically, at the same time that black scientists on Tuskegee\u2019s campus were helping the American fight against polio, black Americans suffering from syphilis were being allowed to die on the same campus.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HeLa cells and polio were just the beginning. The cells were subsequently used in an array of research\u2014genetics, virology, infectious and sexually transmitted diseases, even cosmetics. HeLa cells were the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/first-cells-on-earth\/\">first cells<\/a> to be cloned, and they were bombarded with radiation to see how they responded (it was the Cold War era, after all). <strong>They were also the first cells to be cultured commercially, for profit<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How did Dr. Jonas Salk develop the polio vaccine? How did HeLa cells and polio get combined? Without HeLa cells, polio would still be around. Dr. Jonas Salk is the creator of the polio vaccine. He used HeLa cells and polio vaccines that were administered to 2 million children. This resulted in the first big scientific development using HeLa. Learn more about HeLa cells and polio, Dr. Jonas Salk&#8217;s research, and the impact of HeLa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":11762,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,39],"tags":[111],"class_list":["post-11528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-history","tag-the-immortal-life-of-henrietta-lacks","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>HeLa Cells and Polio Vaccination: The First Big Use of HeLa - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dr. Jonas Salk created the polio vaccine. He used HeLa cells and polio to test effectiveness in 2 million children. This was the first major use of HeLa.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HeLa Cells and Polio Vaccination: The First Big Use of HeLa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dr. Jonas Salk created the polio vaccine. He used HeLa cells and polio to test effectiveness in 2 million children. This was the first major use of HeLa.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-06T16:03:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-04-01T19:37:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/the-immortal-life-of-henrietta-lacks-polio-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rina Shah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rina Shah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rina Shah\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d07435826f13a8f422d5d333dceac287\"},\"headline\":\"HeLa Cells and Polio Vaccination: The First Big Use of HeLa\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-06T16:03:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-01T19:37:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/\"},\"wordCount\":592,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/the-immortal-life-of-henrietta-lacks-polio-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Health\",\"History\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/\",\"name\":\"HeLa Cells and Polio Vaccination: The First Big Use of HeLa - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hela-cells-and-polio-vaccine\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/the-immortal-life-of-henrietta-lacks-polio-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-06T16:03:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-01T19:37:26+00:00\",\"description\":\"Dr. Jonas Salk created the polio vaccine. 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