{"id":112444,"date":"2023-09-06T16:18:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T20:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=112444"},"modified":"2023-09-07T13:46:19","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T17:46:19","slug":"malcolm-xs-mother","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/malcolm-xs-mother\/","title":{"rendered":"Malcolm X\u2019s Mother: Lessons From the Life of Louise Little"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Who was Malcolm X\u2019s mother? What role did she play in his life? What can her life teach us today?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though she looked white, Louise Little was a multiracial woman who was married to a Black man in the first half of the 20th century. Malcolm X writes about how his mother endured the tragic death of her husband, struggled to find work during the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/great-depression-and-the-new-deal\/\">Great Depression<\/a>, and ultimately lost access to her children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more to learn about the life of Malcolm X\u2019s mother and what it reveals about the era she lived in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-malcolm-x-s-mother\">Malcolm X\u2019s Mother<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In his autobiography, Malcolm X explains that he was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. The family moved often, eventually settling in Lansing, Michigan. When Malcolm X was six, his father died, and the family suffered tremendously because Malcolm X had been the sole breadwinner and the Great Depression was on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The family received some welfare, and Malcolm X\u2019s mother, Louise Little, tried to work. But, the racism she encountered made it hard for her to keep a job. She was multiracial and appeared white, but, when employers eventually found out that she was Black, they fired her.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under incredible strain trying to keep the family together, Malcolm X\u2019s mother struggled with her mental health and eventually became incapable of caring for her children. The state removed them and committed her to a psychiatric hospital. Upon reflection, Malcolm X believed that his mother lost her children and her mental health <em>because <\/em>the state didn\u2019t give her enough help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malcolm X\u2019s discussion of his mother centers mostly on the ways she suffered under a racist system, but recently, some scholars of the family have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/03\/19\/obituaries\/louise-little-overlooked.html#:~:text=little%2Doverlooked.html-,Overlooked%20No%20More%3A%20Louise%20Little%2C%20Activist%20and%20Mother%20of%20Malcolm,a%20powerful%20thinker%20and%20speaker.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">celebrating an empowered Louise Little who fought stalwartly against racism<\/a>. Little was as devoted to Garvey\u2019s Back-to-Africa movement as her husband was\u2014in fact, they met at a Garvey event. Together, they founded three chapters of Garvey\u2019s organization, and she served as chapter secretary and as a reporter for the organization\u2019s newspaper. She also educated her children and defended them from anti-Blackness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite her pride in being Black, the reality was that white people had access to more and better job opportunities. So, after her husband\u2019s death (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/03\/19\/obituaries\/louise-little-overlooked.html#:~:text=The%20idea%20that%20the%20incident%20was%20not%20an%20accident%20%E2%80%94%20that%20Earl%20could%20have%20been%20murdered%20%E2%80%94%20became%20a%20touchstone%20of%20Malcolm%E2%80%99s%20life%20story%2C%20though%20it%20has%20largely%20been%20refuted.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">whose cause is still not definitively known<\/a>), Little capitalized on her light complexion to <em>pass<\/em> as white. According to historians, passing was a common practice that gave light-skinned Black and multiracial individuals access to <a href=\"https:\/\/digpodcast.org\/2021\/04\/04\/a-history-of-racial-passing-in-the-united-states-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">both legal and social freedom<\/a>, during and after slavery. Passing could be a moral conundrum: Though it might help you achieve a better life, it often required you to sever family ties and ultimately supported <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/white-male-supremacy\/\">white supremacy<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pressure on Louise Little after her husband\u2019s death\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/03\/19\/obituaries\/louise-little-overlooked.html#:~:text=Hope%20appeared%20briefly,to%20an%20institution.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">including a suitor impregnating and then abandoning her<\/a>\u2014was too much, which led to the state\u2019s removal of her children. Many Black mothers today have similar experiences with the child <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-welfare-state\/\">welfare system<\/a>: State intervention is more common in Black families (one in 10 Black children are removed from their homes), which some scholars understand as <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/6168354\/child-welfare-system-dorothy-roberts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a punishment for poverty that\u2019s rooted in slavery<\/a>. Family separation can have grave consequences, including a higher risk of incarceration for children.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Who was Malcolm X\u2019s mother? What role did she play in his life? What can her life teach us today? Though she looked white, Louise Little was a multiracial woman who was married to a Black man in the first half of the 20th century. Malcolm X writes about how his mother endured the tragic death of her husband, struggled to find work during the Great Depression, and ultimately lost access to her children. Read more to learn about the life of Malcolm X\u2019s mother and what it reveals about the era she lived in.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":112451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,33,24],"tags":[1257],"class_list":["post-112444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-people","category-society","tag-the-autobiography-of-malcolm-x","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Malcolm X\u2019s Mother: Lessons From the Life of Louise Little - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Malcolm X\u2019s discussion of his mother is mostly about her trials in a racist system. 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