{"id":111356,"date":"2023-08-17T14:32:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T18:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=111356"},"modified":"2023-08-23T15:24:17","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T19:24:17","slug":"is-string-theory-correct","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/is-string-theory-correct\/","title":{"rendered":"Is String Theory Correct? We Might Know\u2014If We Could Test It"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/string-theory-explained\/\">string theory<\/a> correct? Is it even possible to find out whether it is or not?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>The God Equation<\/em>, theoretical physicist Michio Kaku suggests that string theory might be the path to uniting all the different laws of nature. But, many scientists reject string theory as a piece of mathematical sleight-of-hand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more to learn about the fascinating debate surrounding string theory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-investigating-string-theory\">Investigating String Theory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the encouraging direction string theory provides to theoretical physics, it hasn\u2019t met with universal acceptance within the scientific community. The question &#8220;Is string theory correct?&#8221; might even be considered premature, as we don&#8217;t even know how to <em>go about finding<\/em> an answer. That&#8217;s right: The objections to string theory revolve around the fact that a scientific hypothesis has to be tested for it to be considered a viable theory, and, so far, <strong>string theory has failed to suggest even a <em>method <\/em>to test it.<\/strong> We\u2019ll address these concerns and offer several potential avenues by which experimental data might confirm string theory\u2019s claims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaku says the most direct test of string theory would be to produce and observe a graviton to see if it conforms to string theory\u2019s predictions. However, to observe a graviton with our current methods would require a particle accelerator the size of our whole solar system. Another facet of string theory that gives physicists pause is that <strong>string theory\u2019s equations don\u2019t allow for <strong>just<\/strong><\/strong> <strong>a single universe but a potentially infinite multiverse.<\/strong> To this, Kaku replies that we don\u2019t even have a final version of string theory\u2019s equations as of yet. Perhaps there really is a multiverse out there, or maybe\u2014whatever the true God Equation is\u2014there&#8217;s only one viable solution with the others being too unstable to exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: The idea of a multiverse has become a staple of popular culture, in particular the Many Worlds Interpretation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/hugh-everett-biography\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">introduced by Hugh Everett in 1957<\/a>. This approach to the quantum uncertainty problem suggests that every decision or random occurrence with more than one possible outcome produces <a href=\"https:\/\/thereader.mitpress.mit.edu\/the-many-worlds-theory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one or more branching universes<\/a> in which those outcomes took place. A different interpretation of the multiverse, the one that Kaku leans toward, suggests that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dummies.com\/article\/academics-the-arts\/science\/physics\/string-theory-parallel-universes-and-the-multiverse-177685\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">other universes may exist in parallel<\/a>, and completely separate from, our own. These other universes <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2010\/multiple-universes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">may have different laws of nature and particle interactions<\/a>, such that most might be inimical to the development of life forms such as us.)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To the charge that we can\u2019t directly test string theory, Kaku points out that <strong>science often tests its theories <em>indirectly<\/em>.<\/strong> One avenue might be through astrophysicists\u2019 search for the unseen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/neil-degrasse-tyson-dark-matter\/\">dark matter<\/a> that permeates the universe. String theory predicts several options for what dark matter might actually be, such as microscopic black holes or particles called photinos. If any of these are eventually found, it would strengthen string theory\u2019s overall standing. Another option comes from the recent discovery of gravity waves, as predicted by Einstein. Kaku writes that, if we can detect gravity waves generated by the Big Bang itself, they may confirm or deny string theory\u2019s predictions about the nature of the universe\u2019s origin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Progress has already been made to detect gravity waves. Kaku\u2019s other two options may prove more difficult. Attempts to detect photinos in the <a href=\"https:\/\/vtechworks.lib.vt.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/10919\/49852\/LD5655.V856_1987.L824.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1980s<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/weizmann-researchmanagement.esploro.exlibrisgroup.com\/esploro\/outputs\/journalArticle\/SEARCH-FOR-MASSIVE-UNSTABLE-PHOTINOS-THAT\/993263866503596\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201990s<\/a> produced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/mg14920232-200-science-has-susy-shown-her-shadowy-face\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tantalizing hints<\/a> but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/photino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">no actual results<\/a>. A search for microscopic black holes in 2010 using the Large Hadron Collider likewise provided <a href=\"https:\/\/cms.cern\/news\/search-microscopic-black-hole-signatures-large-hadron-collider\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">no evidence for their existence<\/a>. A new avenue of approach that\u2019s opened up is to use string theory to make predictions about the universe\u2019s early inflation. If string theory suggests a solution to the question of what took place on the quantum level during that early epoch, then <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/will-string-theory-finally-be-put-to-the-experimental-test\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">it may make predictions that can be confirmed via astronomy<\/a> rather than looking at the subatomic scale.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we do find that string theory is correct, will it make a difference in our everyday lives? Kaku admits that it probably won\u2019t\u2014the energies involved in making use of string theory are orders of magnitude beyond what we possess. Its biggest impact might be felt in the circles of religion and philosophy. <strong>If one equation explains the entirety of the cosmos, it may change how we conceive of God and our place in the universe.<\/strong> Though Kaku describes himself as agnostic, he finds it amazing that all the laws of physics can be summarized succinctly and display such symmetry. For him, the mathematical beauty of the laws of physics opens the door to the possibility that there might actually be a grand design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: While Kaku takes a cautious approach to linking string theory with the existence of God, others have openly embraced the idea. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.regnery.com\/9781621572824\/life-after-death\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Life After Death<\/em><\/a>, Dinesh D\u2019Souza argues that the multiverse interpretation of string theory opens the door, not only to God, but to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.christianitytoday.com\/ct\/2009\/december\/19.38.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the existence of heaven and hell<\/a> beyond the bounds of our own universe. However, in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harpercollins.com\/products\/the-trouble-with-physics-lee-smolin?variant=39939916300322\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Trouble With Physics<\/em><\/a>, Lee Smolin argues that, without experimental evidence, string theory has risen to the level of dogma, with many conjectures that must be accepted on faith. In other words, string theory may have stepped beyond science and become a quasi-religion unto itself.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exercise: Reflect on String Theory<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>String theory offers a mathematical resolution for the many incongruities between the laws governing the fundamental forces. Does its lack of experimental evidence make you doubt it, or do you believe that an elegant mathematical solution is persuasive on its own? Why do you feel one way or the other?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Is string theory correct? Is it even possible to find out whether it is or not? In The God Equation, theoretical physicist Michio Kaku suggests that string theory might be the path to uniting all the different laws of nature. But, many scientists reject string theory as a piece of mathematical sleight-of-hand. Read more to learn about the fascinating debate surrounding string theory.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":73854,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,160,6],"tags":[1244],"class_list":["post-111356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy","category-science","category-spiritual","tag-the-god-equation","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Is String Theory Correct? We Might Know\u2014If We Could Test It - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is string theory correct? We don&#039;t even know how to go about finding an answer, much less knowing what the answer is. 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