{"id":110521,"date":"2023-08-14T11:09:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T15:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=110521"},"modified":"2026-01-22T14:37:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T18:37:11","slug":"importance-of-rationality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/importance-of-rationality\/","title":{"rendered":"Steven Pinker &amp; Carl Sagan on the Importance of Rationality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What does it mean to think and behave rationally? What difference does rationality make?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his book <em>Rationality<\/em>, Steven Pinker argues that rationality and reason are essential. But, people often misunderstand them and end up acting irrationally even when they think they\u2019re not. Carl Sagan would likely agree with Pinker, although he would come at it from a different angle and context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn about the importance of rationality, according to Pinker and Sagan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-importance-of-rationality\">The Importance of Rationality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker defines rationality as <em>the use of knowledge to attain goals<\/em>; a rational person must <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/having-a-purpose-in-life\/\">have a purpose<\/a> for their thinking, whether that be to get around a physical object or to determine the truth of an idea. Pinker contends that we as <strong>humans have a moral obligation to think rationally<\/strong>. He provides two reasons for this and, in doing so, reveals the importance of rationality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>First, rationality is moral because it\u2019s through rationality that we build a better society. <\/strong>Reason has enabled us to make valuable discoveries, inventions, and social progress that have allowed humans to live better lives. Because we have a moral imperative to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hub\/society-culture\/how-to-make-the-world-a-better-place\/\">improve the world<\/a> and the lives of others, and since rationality is a key aspect of our ability to do so, we have a moral obligation to think rationally.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Second, morality hinges on agreement on right and wrong. <\/strong>Reason allows us to think impartially, consider conflicting interests, and determine what contributes to the common good. Because rationality is the only thing that allows us to come to a collective consensus on anything, it\u2019s the only way to prevent one group from deciding what\u2019s right and forcing their ideas on others, which is inherently immoral.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Carl Sagan and the Morality of Science<\/strong><br><br>Scientist Carl Sagan has also argued that rationality is moral, specifically in terms of how it leads to scientific advancements. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-demon-haunted-world\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Demon-Haunted World<\/em><\/a>, he notes that some people consider science immoral because it has led to negative consequences that have decreased <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/quality-of-life-meaning\/\">the quality of life<\/a> for many, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-demon-haunted-world\/1-page-summary#common-criticisms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nuclear weapons, climate change, and the adverse effects of technology<\/a>. However, Sagan argues that the benefits of science to society outweigh these negative outcomes\u2014improvements to agriculture, medicine, and communication, for example, have markedly raised the standard of living for billions of people. So, he believes that adhering to science is moral.<br><br>Sagan also weighs in on how science can promote ethical thinking in general. He argues that science can counter bigotry and intolerance\u2014for instance, when it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-demon-haunted-world\/1-page-summary#eliminating-stereotypes-with-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dispels racial and misogynistic stereotypes<\/a> that lie at the basis of much inequality. He also notes, in alignment with Pinker\u2019s argument, that a society that thinks critically can better <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-demon-haunted-world\/1-page-summary#fighting-power-with-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fight back against misleading propaganda<\/a> produced by authoritarian governments, which rationality leads to more peaceful, equitable governance.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What does it mean to think and behave rationally? What difference does rationality make? In his book Rationality, Steven Pinker argues that rationality and reason are essential. But, people often misunderstand them and end up acting irrationally even when they think they\u2019re not. Carl Sagan would likely agree with Pinker, although he would come at it from a different angle and context. Keep reading to learn about the importance of rationality, according to Pinker and Sagan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":56497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160,24],"tags":[1127],"class_list":["post-110521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-society","tag-rationality","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Steven Pinker &amp; Carl Sagan on the Importance of Rationality - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Steven Pinker and Carl Sagan say that humans are morally obligated to be rational. 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