{"id":108926,"date":"2023-07-23T14:01:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T18:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=108926"},"modified":"2023-07-25T10:00:17","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T14:00:17","slug":"what-are-the-elements-of-a-narrative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-are-the-elements-of-a-narrative\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are the Elements of a Narrative? The 4 Ingredients"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What are the elements of a narrative? What story ingredients do our brains expect to find?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Writer and producer Lisa Cron contends that humans require stories to engage our brains in the way our brains process information. She believes that we developed certain expectations for narratives. So, if a writer wants to engage readers&#8217; brains, they must provide these expected elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn what these essential ingredients are and why they meet readers&#8217; cravings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-elements-of-a-narrative\"><strong>The Elements of a Narrative<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Storytelling was developed to help us remember important information and use that information to make predictions. In order for us to pay attention to these narratives, they had to be presented in a way that appealed to how our brains process information. This caused us to develop expectations for what a story should be like, and, if a story doesn\u2019t meet these expectations consistently, we won\u2019t keep listening\u2014or reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, what are the elements of a narrative that make it engaging? According to Cron, they are the protagonist, the protagonist\u2019s goal, the plot, and what the story\u2019s truly about (the underlying lesson). These are the things that our brains crave to envision what\u2019s going to happen next, and this anticipation is at the heart of our evolutionary need for narrative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The protagonist<\/strong> is the character whose shoes we\u2019re stepping into. They provide us with our point of view for the rest of the story, and they\u2019re the lens through which we\u2019ll interpret everything that happens.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The protagonist\u2019s goal<\/strong> is the overarching objective or aim of the protagonist. This is what drives the story internally. It\u2019s how we know what\u2019s at stake for the protagonist, and we gauge everything that happens (the plot) based on the protagonist\u2019s goal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Some writers recommend basing your protagonist\u2019s goal on one of the categories in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.helpingwritersbecomeauthors.com\/characters-goal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs<\/a>, which consists of physiological needs, safety needs, love\/belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The plot<\/strong> refers to the actual events that occur in the narrative. This is often mistaken for what the story\u2019s about, <strong>but what the story\u2019s <em>truly<\/em> about<\/strong> is how the protagonist changes as a result of the story\u2019s events. Plot is the external events of the narrative, while the story is <em>about<\/em> the protagonist\u2019s internal reactions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These elements demonstrate that stories are about how we, rather than the world around us, change.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Cron\u2019s description of what the story\u2019s about <a href=\"https:\/\/writershelpingwriters.net\/2021\/11\/whats-your-storys-focus-plot-vs-character-arcs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">refers to a story\u2019s <em>focus<\/em><\/a>, and while Cron recommends that your narrative be character-focused, some stories are plot-focused, which means the story is more about how the world around the character changes rather than how the character\u2019s internal state changes. Still, plot-focused narratives do contain the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/elements-of-change\/\">element of change<\/a> that Cron emphasizes\u2014but the change in question primarily happens to people <em>around<\/em> the main character, instead of the main character themselves.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Alternate Descriptions of Narrative Elements<\/strong><br><br>Some experts use different terms and definitions to describe the four elements Cron lists. For example, many distinguish between the protagonist and <a href=\"https:\/\/narrativefirst.com\/vault\/when-the-main-character-is-not-the-protagonist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the main character in a story<\/a>. According to them, the protagonist is the character who moves the plot along, while the main character is the character whose point of view we take on (which is Cron\u2019s definition of the protagonist). While the main character and the protagonist are usually the same character, there are some stories where <a href=\"https:\/\/writingcooperative.com\/your-protagonist-doesnt-have-to-be-your-main-character-30a1c6c66dfa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the protagonist and the main character are different<\/a>, such as F. Scott Fitzgerald\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/The-Great-Gatsby\/F-Scott-Fitzgerald\/9781982146702\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Great Gatsby<\/em><\/a>, Arthur Conan Doyle\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/the-read-down\/start-must-read-sherlock-holmes-stories\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sherlock Holmes<\/a> stories, and Herman Melville\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/Moby-Dick\/Herman-Melville\/Folger-Shakespeare-Library\/9780671028350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Moby Dick<\/em><\/a>.<br><br>Cron limits her basic narrative elements to four, but other experts differ on the number and nature of these essential elements. Some suggest that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scribophile.com\/academy\/the-elements-of-a-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">there are as many as 12<\/a> and include things like an antagonist\u2014the force that stands in the way of the protagonist achieving their goal. Cron does explain that a conflict with an opposing force is needed for story, so a writer just laying out their basic building blocks for a narrative may find it helpful to immediately identify an antagonist along with their protagonist.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are the elements of a narrative? What story ingredients do our brains expect to find? Writer and producer Lisa Cron contends that humans require stories to engage our brains in the way our brains process information. She believes that we developed certain expectations for narratives. So, if a writer wants to engage readers&#8217; brains, they must provide these expected elements. Keep reading to learn what these essential ingredients are and why they meet readers&#8217; cravings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":95659,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[1109],"class_list":["post-108926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","tag-wired-for-story","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Are the Elements of a Narrative? The 4 Ingredients - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What are the elements of a narrative? 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