{"id":106347,"date":"2023-06-20T14:58:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T18:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=106347"},"modified":"2023-06-28T08:50:24","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T12:50:24","slug":"how-did-hamilton-die","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-did-hamilton-die\/","title":{"rendered":"How Did Hamilton Die? The Duel That Shook America"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why did Aaron Burr challenge Alexander Hamilton to a duel? How did Hamilton die? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ron Chernow&#8217;s biography <em>Alexander Hamilton<\/em> details the death and legacy of the political figure, including Aaron Burr&#8217;s involvement in his final moments. Hamilton&#8217;s death added to the end of Federalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn more about the events of Hamilton&#8217;s death and how people remembered him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hamilton-s-death-and-legacy\"><strong>Hamilton\u2019s Death and Legacy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>How did Hamilton die? Hamilton died after being shot in a duel with politician Aaron Burr, which Chernow argues would be his most famous misstep, overshadowing accounts of his life up until the modern day. This is partly due to the sensationalism of the crime, as both Hamilton and Burr were famous public figures, dueling had recently been outlawed in New York, and Hamilton was relatively young (47) at the time of his death.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-duel-with-burr\"><strong>Duel With Burr<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Burr was a frequent target of Hamilton\u2019s criticism, as he switched party allegiances throughout his career. Hamilton was even harsher toward Burr than toward leading Republicans, describing him as a morally bankrupt opportunist who behaved in whatever way was politically convenient for him. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel over the personal nature of the insults and his belief that Hamilton had cost him two critical elections\u2014though Chernow suggests that his loss of the presidency in 1800 and the governorship of New York in 1804 had more to do with Burr\u2019s general unpopularity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: While he finished his term as Jefferson\u2019s Vice President, Burr <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/burr-hamilton-duel-political-legacy-died\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">never held political office again after the duel<\/a>, and the remainder of his life was <a href=\"https:\/\/gothamist.com\/news\/the-incredible-story-of-eliza-jumel-once-americas-richest-woman-now-a-ghost-in-washington-heights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">beset by scandal<\/a>. For example, in 1807 he was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/duel-burr-conspiracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">accused of treason<\/a> for supposedly attempting to found his own country in the American Southwest and subsequently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Aaron-Burr-Exile-Pariah-1810-1811-ebook\/dp\/B01BUIFD2K\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fled to Europe<\/a>. Today, Burr is <a href=\"https:\/\/genius.com\/Leslie-odom-jr-lin-manuel-miranda-and-original-broadway-cast-of-hamilton-the-world-was-wide-enough-lyrics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">known primarily as Hamilton\u2019s killer<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The circumstances of Hamilton\u2019s death have been repeatedly questioned by historians, with attendees giving different accounts of who fired first. Chernow agrees with the theory that Hamilton deliberately withheld his fire, as he had written a statement before the duel declaring his intention to \u201chold his shot\u201d out of a moral objection to killing and desire to resolve the conflict without violence. This was considerably riskier than arranging an apology in advance, but Hamilton\u2019s friends failed to convince him to either forgo the duel or make a genuine attempt to defend himself. The result was that Hamilton was fatally shot by Burr, dying at home the next day.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Dueling, in which one person challenges another to a fight to the death <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neh.gov\/article\/dueling-violence-gentlemen\">in the name of honor<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Gentlemens-Blood-History-Barbara-Holland\/dp\/158234440X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dates back to medieval Europe<\/a>. Typically, both participants must use the same weapon\u2014often swords or pistols\u2014and follow strict rules of conduct regarding where, when, and how they can fight. Though dueling was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Affairs-Honor-National-Politics-Republic\/dp\/0300097557\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">extremely common in 18th and 19th century America<\/a>, it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/duel-history-dueling-america\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rarely resulted in any deaths<\/a>. The practice died out by the 1870s, though it remains a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/wild-bill-hickok-fights-first-western-showdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">popular trope in American Western films<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hamilton-s-memory\"><strong>Hamilton\u2019s Memory<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hamilton was mourned by all of New York, and Burr would be remembered by history as a villainous murderer. Even so, Chernow argues that the many controversies of Hamilton\u2019s life continued to haunt his legacy after his death. While his widow, Eliza Schuyler Hamilton, attempted to rehabilitate his image by commissioning a lengthy biography by their son, historians have often pulled from Adams\u2019s and Jefferson\u2019s many attacks on Hamilton to depict him as an indiscreet and manipulative politician whose relevance ended with that of the Federalist party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: While Hamilton was generally treated as a minor character in revolutionary history prior to the success of the 2015 musical, he appears as an outright villain in such works as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2015-12-30\/gore-vidal-s-burr-provides-relief-from-hamilton-mania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gore Vidal\u2019s 1973 novel <em>Burr<\/em><\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ign.com\/articles\/that-time-hbo-and-tom-hanks-made-hamilton-the-bad-guy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2008 HBO miniseries<em> John Adams<\/em><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/jeffersonhistime02malo\/page\/n29\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dumas Malone\u2019s six-volume biography <em>Jefferson and His Time<\/em><\/a>, in which Malone accuses Hamilton of having \u201clusted for personal as well as national power.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By recounting Hamilton\u2019s life, Chernow hopes to prove that these framings are both inaccurate and fail to recognize the ways in which the modern US is the realization of Hamilton\u2019s vision, far more so than that of Jefferson or many of the other Founding Fathers. The US of today has a strong central government and an urban, capitalist economy, with the New York banks and stock exchanges founded in Hamilton\u2019s day (and with his encouragement) as the country\u2019s financial center. Chernow believes that even with Hamilton\u2019s personal struggles, and though he was never president, Hamilton left an indelible stamp on the very structure of the US.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Chernow\u2019s argument is arguably an oversimplification, since the division between state and federal powers and the future of the US economy would remain controversial issues for much of the 19th century\u2014the Civil War\u2018s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/slavery-profitable-southern-economy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">battle over slavery<\/a> was followed by the Reconstruction era\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/classroom-materials\/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline\/civil-war-and-reconstruction-1861-1877\/reconstruction-and-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">attempt to reassert federal power<\/a> and then by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/2006\/11\/30\/the-great-betrayal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">withdrawal of that power<\/a> in the Compromise of 1877. The US has not followed a straight line of urban and federal development from Hamilton today, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2022\/06\/24\/1102305878\/supreme-court-abortion-roe-v-wade-decision-overturn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">continued to struggle over its future<\/a>.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why did Aaron Burr challenge Alexander Hamilton to a duel? How did Hamilton die? Ron Chernow&#8217;s biography Alexander Hamilton details the death and legacy of the political figure, including Aaron Burr&#8217;s involvement in his final moments. Hamilton&#8217;s death added to the end of Federalism. Keep reading to learn more about the events of Hamilton&#8217;s death and how people remembered him.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":106446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,33],"tags":[1074],"class_list":["post-106347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-people","tag-alexander-hamilton","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Did Hamilton Die? The Duel That Shook America - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Burr-Hamilton duel led to major political changes in America. 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