{"id":106338,"date":"2023-06-18T15:01:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-18T19:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=106338"},"modified":"2023-06-28T08:50:19","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T12:50:19","slug":"alexander-hamilton-on-slavery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/alexander-hamilton-on-slavery\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexander Hamilton on Slavery: Did He Own Slaves?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Was Alexander Hamilton against or for slavery? Why is his work as an abolitionist complicated?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ron Chernow&#8217;s biography <em>Alexander Hamilton<\/em> does point out that Hamilton advocated for slaves&#8217; rights, but he wasn&#8217;t exactly innocent in the matter. Many reports claim that Hamilton bought and owned slaves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Continue reading to learn more about Alexander Hamilton on slavery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-were-hamilton-s-views-on-slavery\"><strong>What Were Hamilton&#8217;s Views on Slavery?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Chernow notes that <strong>most Federalists came from northern states, while most Republicans came from southern states<\/strong>. This was reflected in the parties\u2019 contrasting beliefs about the future of the US economy. The North was increasingly urban and dependent on manufacturing, and while slavery was still practiced in states like New York and New Jersey, slaves were a small portion of the population and mostly worked in domestic household positions. By contrast, in southern states like Virginia and South Carolina, the economy depended on the production of cash crops like sugar, cotton, and tobacco on massive slave plantations, and slaves made up close to half of the total population.&nbsp;This is why it&#8217;s important to understand the views of Alexander Hamilton on slavery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: This tension between North and South and their two divergent economies\u2014the latter of which depended on slavery as a continued practice\u2014would escalate for much of the next century, eventually erupting into the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/american-civil-war\/american-civil-war-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">American Civil War<\/a> of the 1860s. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/collections\/civil-war-glass-negatives\/articles-and-essays\/time-line-of-the-civil-war\/1861\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eleven southern states<\/a> (by this period there were 37 states total) attempted to secede and form their own country, resulting in four years of war and <a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/465917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">at least 600,000 deaths<\/a>. The war ended with a Northern victory and nationwide abolition of slavery in the <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/constitution\/amendment-13\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13th Amendment to the Constitution<\/a>. Despite this, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-england-40638673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mason-Dixon line<\/a>, the border between the states of Maryland and Pennsylvania, is still treated as a kind of cultural border between northeastern and southern Americans.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chernow describes Hamilton as a committed abolitionist who worked with the New York Manumission Society to defend slaves and free African-Americans in court. While not all Federalists opposed slavery outright, many favored scaling back the practice alongside a push toward greater industrialization to create a domestic market for American raw materials. Republicans, on the other hand, largely saw slavery as essential to the American way of life and condemned the push for abolition as an attempt by Federalists to break down Republican power and deprive southern voters of economic influence. Several fights against slavery were waged in Congress in the last years of the 18th century, but all failed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Complicating Hamilton\u2019s Abolitionism<\/strong><br><br>Several historians have criticized Chernow\u2019s depiction of Hamilton as an abolitionist as being based on little or no evidence. While Hamilton did call slavery immoral in his writings, this was not uncommon among the Founding Fathers, <a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/changing-america\/opinion\/506782-anti-slavery-revolutionaries-who-practiced-what-they-preached\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the vast majority of whom owned slaves<\/a> themselves. Many revolutionary figures <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/11\/09\/arts\/alexander-hamilton-enslaver-research.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">condemned slavery in public while continuing to benefit from it<\/a> in practice.&nbsp;<br><br>This was also true for most of the founders of the New York Manumission Society, which Chernow describes as the vehicle for Hamilton\u2019s anti-slavery legal work\u2014Hamilton may have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/new-research-alexander-hamilton-slave-owner-180976260\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">defended the rights of slave owners in court<\/a> as often as those of African Americans. Financial records show that Hamilton <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esquire.com\/entertainment\/movies\/a33220568\/did-alexander-hamilton-own-trade-slaves\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">bought and sold slaves on behalf of his wife\u2019s family<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/parks.ny.gov\/documents\/historic-sites\/SchuylerMansionAlexanderHamiltonsHiddenHistoryasanEnslaver.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">recent scholarship suggests that he owned several<\/a> by the 1790s, as would have been typical for a white man of his class living in New York. There\u2019s no evidence that he supported any of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/legislative\/features\/franklin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">failed anti-slavery campaigns<\/a> in Congress.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Was Alexander Hamilton against or for slavery? Why is his work as an abolitionist complicated? Ron Chernow&#8217;s biography Alexander Hamilton does point out that Hamilton advocated for slaves&#8217; rights, but he wasn&#8217;t exactly innocent in the matter. Many reports claim that Hamilton bought and owned slaves. Continue reading to learn more about Alexander Hamilton on slavery.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":106451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,33],"tags":[1074],"class_list":["post-106338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-people","tag-alexander-hamilton","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Alexander Hamilton on Slavery: Did He Own Slaves? - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alexander Hamilton advocated for the rights of African-Americans, but it&#039;s much more complicated. 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