{"id":106252,"date":"2023-06-26T17:07:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-26T21:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=106252"},"modified":"2023-06-27T15:12:56","modified_gmt":"2023-06-27T19:12:56","slug":"warren-buffett-benjamin-graham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/","title":{"rendered":"Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, &#038; the Merits of Value Investing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What did Warren Buffett learn from Benjamin Graham? How did the 1929 stock market crash impact their investment mindset?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>The Warren Buffett Way<\/em>, Robert G. Hagstrom discusses the ways Buffett was influenced by his teacher Benjamin Graham. Warren Buffett learned about value investing from Graham, and Buffett embraced his teacher&#8217;s numbers-driven approach to evaluating companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more to understand what Buffett picked up from Graham.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\">Warren Buffett &amp; Benjamin Graham<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hagstrom discusses the early influences of Warren Buffett. Benjamin Graham&#8217;s investing classic, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-intelligent-investor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Intelligent Investor<\/em><\/a>, persuaded Buffett when he studied under Graham at Columbia Business School. In particular, Hagstrom argues that <strong>Graham showed Buffett the merits of <em>value investing<\/em>, which involves purchasing companies\u2019 stock for less than its true value. <\/strong>Because Graham developed value investing in the wake of the stock market crash of 1929, its key tenets are diametrically opposed to the reckless speculation that drove the stock market crash\u2014a crash that occurred because <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/042115\/what-caused-stock-market-crash-1929-preceded-great-depression.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">investors assumed the stock market could only rise<\/a>, leading to widespread speculative investing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand this approach to investing, we first need to understand the distinction between a company\u2019s share price<em> <\/em>and its intrinsic value. Share price, quite simply, refers to the <em>actual <\/em>price of one share of a company\u2019s stock\u2014for example, at the beginning of 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/quote\/TSLA\/history\/?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAEiVBtOE8hi5xRSUi-oEaboMw-xNb4wQlWrwX6Il-AkVviEJNYiOlIxQSiFWtOLvGK_kIRrBmzWABFNXbU2kPCgWlJDNKPm7lrTv9-klHpUq7iwh-7ItYm_SeqRhg-Rnf4gPy4ClzLHPOqLJ0-H6abEXdgsQZK7u2xxh8YM1Kier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one share of Tesla stock cost $118.47<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: One fact that complicates our ability to track a stock\u2019s value is that even on a day-to-day basis, share price is <em>volatile<\/em>, meaning that it experiences swings. Indeed, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.financialsamurai.com\/average-daily-percent-move-of-the-stock-market\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">most stocks swing approximately one percent in either direction on a given day,<\/a> while some stocks can even experience five percent swings or greater in a single day.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hagstrom notes, however, that intrinsic value is harder to define. Roughly put, the intrinsic value of a company\u2019s stock is the <em>fair value <\/em>of that stock, assuming all relevant information was known. To illustrate, if excessive optimism had led investors to aggressively buy Tesla stock at the start of 2023, rapidly increasing its stock price, then it\u2019s possible that Tesla\u2019s intrinsic value was lower than its share price of $118.47.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For his part, Graham points out that, if you buy stock at a discount to its intrinsic value, you\u2019ve gotten a good deal on the stock. Moreover, he argues that because a company\u2019s share price tracks its intrinsic value over the long term, <strong>value investing makes it likely that you\u2019ll profit on your investment as the discounted share price increases to match its intrinsic value<\/strong>. For instance, if Tesla was <em>undervalued <\/em>at $118.47, at which point you chose to invest in it, then you\u2019ll ultimately profit when the market adjusts its share price to match its intrinsic value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Like Graham, many investors assume that intrinsic value is a real entity, but it bears mentioning that some experts disagree. Indeed, certain economists argue that <a href=\"https:\/\/fee.org\/articles\/the-fallacy-of-intrinsic-value\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">there is no such thing as intrinsic value<\/a> because goods are only valuable to the extent that consumers will pay for them. For example, in the case of precious metals like gold and silver, they argue that these metals were valuable historically because we used them as currency, not because they possess intrinsic value. Likewise, they reason that stocks are only valuable to the extent that consumers are willing to pay for them, which means that in practice, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/articles\/value-investors-love-sell-when-reaching-intrinsic-value-2017-03-02\">stock <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/articles\/value-investors-love-sell-when-reaching-intrinsic-value-2017-03-02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">prices<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/articles\/value-investors-love-sell-when-reaching-intrinsic-value-2017-03-02\"> may never actually catch up to their supposed intrinsic value<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hagstrom notes that, although Graham\u2019s influence is most evident in Buffett\u2019s approach to value investing, it also shaped Buffett\u2019s preference for quantitatively analyzing companies\u2019 finances\u2014typically over a five-year time frame since financial data are volatile on a yearly basis. In particular, Hagstrom explains that <strong>Buffett seeks companies that have a high return on equity, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-roe\/\">owner earnings<\/a>, profit margins, and ratio of retained earnings to share value<\/strong>, metrics that indicate good financial health.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What did Warren Buffett learn from Benjamin Graham? How did the 1929 stock market crash impact their investment mindset? In The Warren Buffett Way, Robert G. Hagstrom discusses the ways Buffett was influenced by his teacher Benjamin Graham. Warren Buffett learned about value investing from Graham, and Buffett embraced his teacher&#8217;s numbers-driven approach to evaluating companies. Read more to understand what Buffett picked up from Graham.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":85988,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,33],"tags":[1073],"class_list":["post-106252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-money","category-people","tag-the-warren-buffett-way","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, &amp; the Merits of Value Investing - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In business school, Warren Buffett was influenced by his teacher Benjamin Graham. Discover what Buffett learned about investing from Graham.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, &amp; the Merits of Value Investing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In business school, Warren Buffett was influenced by his teacher Benjamin Graham. Discover what Buffett learned about investing from Graham.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-26T21:07:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-27T19:12:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/warren-buffett-speech.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13\"},\"headline\":\"Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, &#038; the Merits of Value Investing\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-26T21:07:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-27T19:12:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/\"},\"wordCount\":657,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/warren-buffett-speech.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"The Warren Buffett Way\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Money\",\"People\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/\",\"name\":\"Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, & the Merits of Value Investing - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-benjamin-graham\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/warren-buffett-speech.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-26T21:07:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-27T19:12:56+00:00\",\"description\":\"In business school, Warren Buffett was influenced by his teacher Benjamin Graham. 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