{"id":106227,"date":"2023-06-25T11:07:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-25T15:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=106227"},"modified":"2023-06-30T13:39:38","modified_gmt":"2023-06-30T17:39:38","slug":"technology-is-a-distraction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/technology-is-a-distraction\/","title":{"rendered":"Technology Is a Distraction: The Reasons and Effects"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Why is technology a distraction? Why are people so vulnerable to technological interference?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Distracted Mind<\/a><\/em> by Adam Gazzaley and Larry D. Rosen argue that the Information Age<\/a> increased our susceptibility to interference. They also explain this increase and warn about the harmful effects of this uptick in interference. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keep reading to learn how and why technology is a distraction<\/a>, and why anyone can fall for interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Interference in the Information Age<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Although Gazzaley and Rosen contend that our vulnerability to interference is a longstanding feature of human nature, they argue that it\u2019s been exacerbated by modern technology. In particular, they argue that the Information Age made us more vulnerable to interference <\/strong>by creating information outlets that constantly vie for our attention. To show as much, they first outline how the Information Age increased potential sources of interference and then argue that this new interference has infiltrated our schools and workplaces, which explains why technology is a distraction to younger and older people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Information Age, Gazzaley and Rosen argue, began with the onset of the internet around 1990, as information previously only available via encyclopedias became much more accessible. Moreover, the authors point out that the internet led directly to email, which allowed us to communicate instantly with any other internet user. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Although the internet only began gaining steam in the 1990s, its roots began decades earlier. In 1962 J.C.R. Licklider first articulated his vision of an interconnected network of computers<\/a> that could communicate with one another, and the US Department of Defense developed the first prototype of the internet in 1969<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, the authors argue that two further developments defined the Information Age\u2014social media and the smartphone. First, social media enhanced email\u2019s capacity for communication; whereas before, we could communicate with one person instantly, social media allowed us to communicate with millions of people instantly. Then, with the development of smartphones, we gained access to information from the internet and social media regardless of our location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The upshot is that interference became exponentially more common<\/strong> as new sources of information\u2014such as email alerts, text messages, and Twitter notifications\u2014began to vie for our attention. Whether in the form of distractions, like the sudden \u201cding\u201d of a text message, or interruptions, like actively choosing to check social media while at work, we became exposed to interference at every corner. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: This increased interference from the Information Age may vary by country. Although social media and smartphones are generally common in countries with developing economies<\/a>, certain countries see markedly lower social media and smartphone usage. For instance, while above 80% of US adults use a smartphone, only about 30% of adults in countries like Bangladesh and Pakistan own smartphones<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why Does Technology Make Interference More Common?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Having discussed how technology increases interference, we\u2019ll now examine Gazzaley and Rosen\u2019s explanation for this phenomenon. Broadly speaking, they argue that technology leads to widespread interference because we\u2019re evolutionarily wired to consume information, <\/strong>and technology provides easy access to such information. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To explain why our drive for information makes us more susceptible to interference, the authors first discuss the marginal value theorem<\/a><\/em> (MVT)\u2014a theory that predicts when animals will shift from one food patch to another to maximize food consumption\u2014and then suggest that its insights can be applied to our information consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Harmful Effects of Increased Technological Interference<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Now that we\u2019ve seen how <\/em>and why<\/em> technology aggravates our distracted minds<\/a>, it\u2019s time to discuss the impact of this increased technological interference. According to Gazzaley and Rosen, technological interference does widespread harm in various domains of life<\/strong>, including school, the workplace, and our relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact #1: Interference in Education<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

First, Gazzaley and Rosen write that technology has led to widespread interference both in and out of the classroom. <\/strong>According to studies cited by Gazzaley and Rosen, about 90% of college students report using their phones to text while in class\u2014a clear case of interruption (intentional decisions to pursue secondary goals). Moreover, the authors point out that the results are similar outside the classroom: In one study, researchers examined students\u2019 behavior during three-hour study sessions, finding that students checked their phones an average of nine times during these sessions, spending about 30 minutes off task. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Gazzaley and Rosen, this technological interference <\/strong>decreases students\u2019 productivity and efficiency. They point out that researchers have found that nearly all forms of in-class technology usage are predictive of poorer classroom performance. Moreover, the authors note that researchers have made similar findings for out-of-class technology usage; for instance, one study found that students who paused to send instant messages while completing an assignment took consistently more time than peers who didn\u2019t (even when accounting for the extra time spent messaging). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact #2: Interference in the Workplace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In a similar vein, Gazzaley and Rosen argue that technological interference has also infiltrated the workplace<\/strong>. They cite a study wherein researchers observed office workers for two weeks and found that these workers were interrupted over four times per hour by email and three times per hour by instant messaging. Crucially, 40% of these workers immediately dropped their tasks to respond to emails, while 70% did so to reply to instant messages. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gazzaley and Rosen argue that workplace interference <\/strong>increases workers\u2019 stress and decreases their efficiency. <\/strong>To show as much, they cite a study of over 200 employees that measured the most significant predictors of employees\u2019 stress levels\u2014behind workload, external interruptions were the greatest predictor of stress levels. Further, as for worker efficiency, Gazzaley and Rosen point to studies showing that workers often take around a half-hour to reorient themselves to their initial task following an interruption or distraction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impact #3: Interference in Relationships<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Finally, Gazzaley and Rosen write that technological interference has a corrosive effect on human relationships<\/strong> because it inhibits connection. For instance, it\u2019s common to complain that friends are on their phones at dinner rather than conversing with each other. Moreover, the authors note that empirical studies have verified the adverse effects that technology has on relationships. One study found that when two strangers conversed for the first time, they reported feeling significantly less empathy and connection<\/a> toward each other when a smartphone was lying on a table nearby; this has been referred to as \u201cthe iPhone Effect.\u201d <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Why is technology a distraction? Why are people so vulnerable to technological interference? The Distracted Mind by Adam Gazzaley and Larry D. Rosen argue that the Information Age increased our susceptibility to interference. They also explain this increase and warn about the harmful effects of this uptick in interference. Keep reading to learn how and why technology is a distraction, and why anyone can fall for interference.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":34709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,24],"tags":[1072],"class_list":["post-106227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-society","tag-the-distracted-mind","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nTechnology Is a Distraction: The Reasons and Effects - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"If you're always on your phone or watching TV, it's not your fault. Technology is made to be a distraction. 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