{"id":105111,"date":"2023-06-07T17:58:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-07T21:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=105111"},"modified":"2026-01-22T14:38:15","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T18:38:15","slug":"what-is-ren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-ren\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Ren? The Confucian Concept of Humaneness"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is ren? Do you practice it? What difference would it make if you did?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>The Analects<\/em>, Confucius defines a good person as someone who strives to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hub\/society-culture\/how-to-make-the-world-a-better-place\/\">improve the world<\/a>. He believes that good people must be altruistic. In other words, they act to help other people and don&#8217;t simply seek personal gain through their behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Continue reading to learn about the Confucian virtue of ren and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-practice\/\">how to practice<\/a> it in your life for the betterment of the world around you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-confucius-on-ren\">Confucius on Ren<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Confucius describes this virtue using the Chinese word <em>ren<\/em>. So, what is ren? It can be translated as \u201chumaneness\u201d or \u201chumanity.\u201d For Confucius, <em>ren<\/em> means always striving to live<strong> <\/strong>up to the moral standards he sets throughout <em>The Analects<\/em>, no matter what. He says that good people would rather die than compromise their morals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Confucius also offers two concrete suggestions for living altruistically. First, should you find yourself in an unfair or immoral culture, it\u2019s acceptable to <em>say <\/em>whatever you must to protect yourself\u2014but under no circumstances should you <em>do <\/em>anything immoral or cruel. Have the courage to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/living-by-your-values\/\">live by your values<\/a> at any cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Keeping to your values even under threat of death is a <em>moral <\/em>standard from Confucius. By most <em>legal <\/em>standards, you\u2019re allowed to do what you must to protect yourself. For example, at the Nuremberg trials after World War II, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facinghistory.org\/resource-library\/obeying-orders#:~:text=Another%20exception%2C%20the%20judges%20said%2C%20would%20be%20if%20a%20person%20obeyed%20an%20illegal%20order%20to%20avoid%20physical%20harm%2C%20torture%2C%20or%20death.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the judges wrote<\/a> that no court would punish people for what they did while they had guns (literal or metaphorical) pressed to their heads\u2014while they were under threat of punishment or death if they disobeyed.)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, frugality is another important aspect of altruism. Since altruism is the opposite of selfishness, altruistic people try not to take more than they need. <strong>They\u2019re happy to live modestly, with a small home and simple food. <\/strong>Confucius says obsessing over material goods when you already have enough to live on is a waste of energy that would be better spent helping others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Some studies suggest that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlantis-press.com\/proceedings\/insyma-22\/125977317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">frugal and modest living is becoming more popular and widespread in the modern world, particularly among younger people.<\/a> The possible reasons behind this frugality differ from Confucius\u2019s justification of avoiding wasting energy: <a href=\"https:\/\/adk-insights.com\/conscious-consumption-are-consumers-buying-less\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Modern consumers may choose frugality<\/a> due to financial concerns, job insecurity, a heightened awareness of the environmental impact of certain purchases, and a wish to become more minimalist.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>The \u201cGentleman\u201d and the \u201cPetty Man\u201d<\/strong><br><br><em>The<\/em> <em>Analects <\/em>frequently uses the term <em>gentleman <\/em>(Chinese: <a href=\"https:\/\/csymbol.com\/chinese\/chinese_gentleman.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">junzi<\/a>) when discussing proper conduct. Scholars debate whether Confucius means gentleman in the sense of \u201csomeone of high social status\u201d or \u201csomeone of good moral character.\u201d<br><br>Further, Confucius contrasts the gentleman with the <em>petty man <\/em>(Chinese: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/junzi#:~:text=Unlike%20the%20petty%20person%20(xiaoren%3B%20literally%2C%20%E2%80%9Clittle%20person%E2%80%9D)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">xiaoren<\/a>). Again, it\u2019s unclear whether this means someone of low social standing or someone of poor character.<br><br>To make <em>The Analects<\/em> applicable to as many readers as possible, we\u2019ll assume the latter: Confucius meant that anyone of good moral character would follow the guidelines he sets forth, and people of poor moral character would not.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is ren? Do you practice it? What difference would it make if you did? In The Analects, Confucius defines a good person as someone who strives to improve the world. He believes that good people must be altruistic. In other words, they act to help other people and don&#8217;t simply seek personal gain through their behavior. Continue reading to learn about the Confucian virtue of ren and how to practice it in your life for the betterment of the world around you.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":74714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,21],"tags":[1060],"class_list":["post-105111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","category-philosophy","tag-the-analects","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is Ren? The Confucian Concept of Humaneness - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is ren? 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