{"id":105108,"date":"2023-06-08T17:38:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T21:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=105108"},"modified":"2023-06-14T09:26:47","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T13:26:47","slug":"what-is-wuwei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-wuwei\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Wuwei? Confucianism&#8217;s Concept of Inaction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is wuwei? Why does Confucius think everyone should have it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Confucius, in <em>The Analects<\/em>, urges people to live decent, moral lives. One way to do this is to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-go-with-the-flow\/\">go with the flow<\/a> of righteousness and do nothing that&#8217;s against it. This is the philosophy of wuwei, Confucianism&#8217;s doctrine of inaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more to learn what Confucius teaches about wuwei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-confucius-on-wuwei\">Confucius on Wuwei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>What is wuwei? Confucianism teaches that, for good people, proper conduct seems effortless\u2014they simply know the right thing to do and do it. For that reason, Confucius considers effortless action to be proof of good moral character. To describe this concept, he uses the term <em>wuwei<\/em>, a Chinese word that can mean <em>action without effort <\/em>or simply <em>inaction.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/tao-te-ching\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Tao Te Ching<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>provides some insight on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-practice\/\">how to practice<\/a> wuwei: Let go of your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/tao-te-ching\/section-2#letting-go-of-ambition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">personal ambitions and desires<\/a>. Lao <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/tzu-tao-heart\/\">Tzu<\/a> says that desire and ambition cloud your judgment, causing you to use your time and energy inefficiently. On the other hand, a selfless person isn\u2019t distracted by ambition or desire and is therefore able to act in harmony with the people and things around them. For example, a selfish person might hesitate to help someone in trouble if he\u2019s running late for an appointment or is worried about putting himself in danger. A selfless person would simply recognize that someone\u2019s in danger and take action without wasting time and effort thinking about it.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Effortless action seems to go against Confucius&#8217;s principle of hard work, but that\u2019s because<strong> the work of wuwei is internal and therefore invisible to others.<\/strong> In other words, instead of struggling to do the right thing (external, visible effort), you struggle to turn yourself into the kind of person who <em>always <\/em>does the right thing (internal, invisible effort).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>One of the main benefits of effortless action is that it keeps you focused on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/control-what-you-can-control\/\">things you can control<\/a>: <\/strong>namely, the internal, invisible effort of shaping your actions and qualifications. For example, you can\u2019t control what people think of you, but you <em>can <\/em>work on becoming the type of person that people tend to think well of\u2014polite, respectful, generous, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Focusing on things that you can control may be a way to avoid frustration and build a sense of satisfaction with your life. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/a-guide-to-the-good-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>A Guide to the Good Life<\/em><\/a>, philosophy professor William Irvine says that focusing your attention on what other people do is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/a-guide-to-the-good-life#practice-2-focus-on-what-you-can-control\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">giving those people control over your happiness<\/a>. For example, if you think the only way you can be happy is to get accepted into your dream school, you\u2019re putting your happiness in the hands of that school\u2019s admissions department. Instead, try following Confucius\u2019s advice: Focus on becoming the <em>type of person <\/em>that school would accept (get good grades, do extracurricular activities, and so on), rather than fretting about whether they\u2019re actually going to accept you.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Take Small Steps Toward Big Changes<\/strong><br><br><em>The<\/em> <em>Analects <\/em>contains a lot of different lessons and advice about how to become a person who does the right thing\u2014enough that integrating it all into your life at once may seem overwhelming. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/atomic-habits\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Atomic Habits<\/em><\/a>, James Clear offers some helpful advice: You don\u2019t have to make dramatic changes to your life all at once. Instead, make small tweaks, and you\u2019ll be surprised at how those little changes build on one another to create <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/atomic-habits\/1-page-summary#small-adjustments-lead-to-massive-transformations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">huge improvements<\/a>.<br><br>For example, instead of promising to never lie again, maybe choose <em>one <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/uncomfortable-truth\/\">uncomfortable truth<\/a> to share. That will get you a little more comfortable with telling the truth, and you\u2019ll find that it\u2019s easier the next time. Continuing this process, you\u2019ll eventually find that telling the truth comes naturally to you\u2014effortlessly, as Confucius would say.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is wuwei? Why does Confucius think everyone should have it? Confucius, in The Analects, urges people to live decent, moral lives. One way to do this is to go with the flow of righteousness and do nothing that&#8217;s against it. This is the philosophy of wuwei, Confucianism&#8217;s doctrine of inaction. Read more to learn what Confucius teaches about wuwei.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":43405,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,21,6],"tags":[1060],"class_list":["post-105108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","category-philosophy","category-spiritual","tag-the-analects","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is Wuwei? Confucianism&#039;s Concept of Inaction - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Confucianism, inaction can be evidence of good moral character. 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